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Bioenergetics - Coggle Diagram
Bioenergetics
Respiration
What is Respiration?
It's an exothermic reaction because it releases thermal energy. It's a chemical reaction that transfers energy
What is aerobic respiration?
It's respiration using oxygen. It happens all of the time in plants, animals and humans. It happens in the mitochondria of cells.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration? word= glucose + oxygen= carbon dioxide + water balanced symbol= C6H12O6 + 6O2= 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen. It only happens when there's an absence of oxygen in your body like when you are exercising. Happens in humans, animals, plant cells and yeast cells.
What is the equation of anaerobic respiration in humans and plant and yeast cells?
Humans= glucose= lactic acid
Yeast+Plant cells= glucose= ethanol + carbon dioxide
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Exercise
What is an oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen required by the body for recovery after vigorous exercise.
What is metabolism? The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or body. They often require energy from respiration. They are controlled by enzymes.
What are the two types of metabolism?
Catabolic and Anabolic. Catabolic= large molecules broken down into small ones. Anabolic= large molecules made from smaller ones.
Describe the changes that happen to your body during exercise.
HR increases- to deliver more O2 to muscle cells for respiration.
Breathing rate increase to sustain aerobic respiration
Breath volume increases to have lots of O2 for aerobic respiration
What happens to lactic acid?
Transported to liver via bloodstream. Broken down by the bile into water and CO2 or can be used to make glucose in the liver.
Photosynthesis
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
word= carbon dioxide + water= glucose + oxygen balanced symbol= 6CO2 + 6H2O= C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Describe everything about photosynthesis
It's an endothermic reaction that happens in plants and algae. The purpose is to produce glucose. The reaction is controlled my enzymes and it happens in the chloroplasts in palisade cells.
What are the uses of glucose in plants? 1. used in aerobic and anaerobic respiration 2. converted into lipids for storage 3. stored as starch and used to build cellulose 4. to give cell walls strength
What are the 3 factors that affect the ROP?
- temperature. As temp increases, the ROP increases cus there's more KE so more particle collisions. But if temp increases above 45 degrees then the enzymes denature so ROP decreases.
- Light intensity. As LI increases, the ROP increases cus light is a catalyst for photosynthesis. But if LI increases too much then ROP decreases cus there might not be enough H2O or CO2- limiting factors.
- Conc of CO2/ amount of CO2. As CO2 conc increases the ROP increases cus CO2 is a reactant for photosynthesis. But if CO2 increases too much then the ROP plateaus cus there's too much CO2 for the water- limiting factor.
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Leaves
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Name the five tissues in a leaf.
- Upper epidermis 2. Palisade mesophyll 3. Spongy mesophyll 4. Lower epidermis (guard cells and stomata) 5. Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
Name the adaptation and function of each tissue.
Upper epidermis is thin and transparent to allow sunlight to reach palisade cells. Palisade mesophyll contains lots of chloroplasts and is near upper part of leaf to allow for more sunlight to reach it for photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll is irregularly shaped and contains air spaces to increase SA for gas exchange. Lower epidermis contains stomata and is surrounded by guard cells to allow gases to diffuse and guard cells open and close stomata when its light or dark. Vascular bundles contain xylem and phloem to transport water and food/ sugar around the plant.
