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The Independence Struggle - Coggle Diagram
The Independence Struggle
Home Rule Crisis
1910 - liberal gov. needed HR support , 1911 - Liberals passed the act (House of Lords could only delay for 2yrs), 1912 - Third HR bill became law, 1914 - WW1 broke out, 1916 - Irish didn't want HR
The 1916 Rising
On the morning of Easter Monday 1619 about 1000 from the Irish volunteers took control of important buildings in Dublin such as the GPO
Padraig Pearse then read the proclamation of Independence on the steps of the GPO declaring Ireland a republic
The British were surprised but on Tuesday began to fight back
Most of Dublin was destroyed
It ended after 6 days when the rebels surrendered withe the city in ruins
All leaders were shot in Kilmainham jail
Response:
British felt betrayed by the rising
Decided to execute all leaders to discourage any further rising
Ordinary people of Dublin were not happy
Aftermath:
The British decision to execute all the leaders turned out to be a huge mistake as the sympathy for the rebels increased, surviving rebels, Eamon DeVelara and Michael Collins played a major rule in next stage of campaign
The Independence Struggle
The Rise of Sinn Féin:
Rose in popularity during the easter rising
Began to win elections in 1917//1918
Éamon DeVelara took over as leader of the party whilst being leader of Irish Volunteers
Campaigned for complete freedom from Britain
IRA:
was created in 1919 as a successor to the Irish volunteers to use an armed force to resist British rule in Ireland, this began the war of Independence
Black and Tans:
When a large proportion of the Irish police resigned the RIC was filled with ex British soldiers known as axillaries
Major Events from the War of Independence:
Bloody Sunday, Tomás MacCurtain's murder, Terence MacSwiney;s 75 day hunger strike
The Anglo - Irish Treaty
In December 1921 Michael Collins and Arthur Griffin signed the Irish - Anglo treaty which created the Irish free state (26 of 32 counties had much more control than HR)
This was a peace agreement that brought the Irish war of independence to an end
Terms of the treaty:
Would be known as the free state, still be part of commonwealth
Nationalism and Unionism
Nationalism:
Vast majority supported HR party, led John Redmond, they had 84 out of 105 seats 1910
Unionism
wanted to stay in the Uk because they felt British, afraid to lose trade links and HR = RR
Irish Civil War
Pro Treaty V Anti Treaty - Started when Anti treaty took over 4 courts
Collins then attacked 4 courts and won easily with British artillery
Griffith died in August 1922 due to a brain haemorrhage
Collins died in August 1922 at an ambush in Béal na Bláth
Results:
Death and destruction
Lost Leaders - Bitterness
Political Parties