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Kings and Queen's of the Crusader States - Coggle Diagram
Kings and Queen's of the Crusader States
Baldwin I 1100-1118
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Established a clear overlordship system over the crusader states
Vital in securing the initial land gains of the First Crusade, Jerusalem invaded 10x during his reign by Egyptians yet hold on and even able to gain territories, Acre won in 1104, he made Outremer really
Began the castle building program, Montreal 1115. Outremer heavily rely on in future
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Attempts to intervene in the Tripoli succession crisis 1109, although unsuccessful does show has an active role
No marriage and thus no heir, leaves a succession crisis as Baldwin of Edessa (Baldwin II) takes crown first despite being promised to Baldwin I's bro
Baldwin II 1118-1131
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Very effective in defending Outremer, 'saved' Antioch as acted as regent following Field of Blood 1119 as left without leader, very good as ruling both Jerusalem and Antioch
Led 19 separate military campaigns during his reign, including expanding the crusader states by taking Tyre in 1124
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Tension due to Baldwin 'stealing' the throne, rebellion 1123-1124 when Baldwin captured in Northern expansion, although unsuccessful shows cracks now forming in kingdom
Only had daughters thus no heir, leaves kingdom to be shared between daughter Melisende, husband Count Fulk and their son Baldwin III. This leads to civil war in 1134
Melisende 1131-1152
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Strong woman in a very sexist time, managed to rule largely by herself
Her and Fulk able to successfully defend Antioch against the Turks
Largest reign of any leader, clearly doing alright as deposed if not?
Keeping throne from Baldwin III could be perceived as showing him the ropes and getting him ready, what's best for the kingdom of Jerusalem
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Power struggle with Fulk, Angevin family (Fulk) v Frankish family (Melisende), Fulk puts Angevins in key positions to gain power against Melisende. Revolt by Hugh of Jaffa, exiled, murdered, Fulk blamed thus Melisende more power post 1134
Power struggle against son, Baldwin III, continues to rule despite him being of age in 1145, defeated by him in 1152 when he besieges Jerusalem
During these disputes Muslim power increasing Edessa taken 1144
Baldwin III (1152-1163)
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Has to wrestle power back from Melisende
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Successfully gains rule back from Melisende after illegitimately holds on 1152, after besieging Jerusalem
Good job at securing the kingdom following a period of instability during civil war, able to gain lots of power from other states as depend on Jerusalem due to hard times, Battle of Inab = Ray of Antioch killed and Edessa lost
Ascalon taken 1153, key port and last Muslim held one, now unable to launch naval attack against the Franks
Successful enough as King that brother can inherit without issues when no kids
Amalric I (1163-1174)
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Married twice creating factions within the kingdom, upon his death this almost caused civil war and plagued Outremer until its fall
Heir was a leper (Baldwin IV) thus created insecurity in the kingdom, chosen regent murdered in 1174 following his death
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Invasion of Egypt 1160s with Byzantines, came very close to taking it before Nuradin did but unable to in the end
Baldwin IV (1176-1185)
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Tried his best, good choice to marry Sibyl to Guy to prevent 1180 invasion, truce with Saladin 1180-82 in theory gave chance to get issues sorted
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As a leper unable to produce an heir, coupled with factions created due to Amalric double marriage and doubt over god's backing due to leprosy = almost civil war. Raymond of Tripoli planning invasion 1180, Baldwin quickly marries sister Sibyl to Guy Lusignan to protect the kingdom
As a leper unable to fight, ready to fight Saladin at Galilee 1183, illness and unable to, Guy made regent but unable to rally lords and Saladin takes Galilee
Baldwin IV made Baldwin V (Sibyl child) heir due to Galilee, drives wedge between Guy and Baldwin and Raymond made regent despite trying to invade in 1180
Raymond of Tripoli (1174-75 and 1185-86)
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Invasion of Jerusalem 1180 in power grab, and actions as opposing faction to Baldwin IV = big trouble maker
1185 truce with Saladin - gave Saladin time to prepare for invasion of outremer, when he does invade 1187, bitter of losing crown to Guy allows Saladin and 7,000 men to travel through and besiege Acre, seen as a TRAITOR thus when advised Guy not to go to Hattin doesn't listen
1175 truce gave Saladin time to build Muslim kingdom
Sibyl (1186-1190)
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Marrying Guy secured Baldwin IV kingdom in 1180
When promised Queen after Baldwin V death if divorce to Guy does but then remarries when made Queen
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Tricking the leading nobles led to lots of tension and played large role in factions of Baldwin IV kingdom which still plagued her reign meaning they were unable to organise attack on Saladin
Guy of Lusignan (1186-1192)
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1183 presence of Guy's army led to Saladin not taking Galilee, although unable to prevent plundering as couldn't get nobles on his side
Divisions not his fault as pre-exisiting?
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Ignored Raymond's advice of waiting till Muslim forces retire due to him being a traitor (due to division between the two) leads to going to the Battle of Hattin 1187, no water and huge loss, Jerusalem now undermanned and falls
Raymond made deal with Saladin 1186 due to wanting to get one up on Guy and feared of attack, if tensions not as bad never have happened?