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Water - Coggle Diagram
Water
Water stores
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- as glacial ice, snow, or permafrost in cryosphere
- as groundwater in rocks below ground
- on land as surface water in lakes + rivers
- water vapour in the atmosphere
- in living organisms in the biosphere
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Types of precipitation
- High relief, forces air masses upwards causing water vapour to condense - area inland from mountain range may experience less rainfall as atmospheric moisture has already been lost over the mountains
- colder air meets warmer moist air -> condensation of water vapour along bands of weather fronts
- warm, moist air rises rapidly in tropical area
- cools rapidly + releases moisture as thunderstorms + heavy rainfall
Water balance
- annual balance of water between inputs + outputs = water budget
- Negative budget: outputs greater than inputs -> negative balance of water in a system - water lost over time = deficit
- Positive = surplus
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River regimes
- the annual variation of discharge of a river, can be used to analyse patterns of flow over the year + impact of this on human activity
Depends on climate, geology + soils of basin
Complex regime: may result from rivers crossing different climate zones or types of geology, sig seasonal change or impacts of human activity
Storm hydrography
- a graphical representation of rainfall + discharge following a single rainfall event
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- can be used to calc lag time + monitor flood risk
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Drainage basin system
- drainage basin - area drained by a river + its tributaries, edge of which is marked by its watershed
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Residence times
- stores keep water for different lengths of time known as residence times
- longer residence times may make freshwater inaccessible or difficult to access
- most residence times are short