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Chapter 10 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10
Water management
Irrigation
Agricultural use
Electric power production
Industrial use
Public supply and self supply
Worldwide usage:
Irrigation - 70%
Industry - 20%
Direct Human Use - 10%
USEPA
Bottled Water
Half of americans buy bottled water
Water from tap have stricter standards than bottled
Environmental consequences
Desalinization plant
Rain barrel
Blue revolution
National water policy
Clean water act
Hydrolic cycle
Saltwater: 97.5%
Polar ice caps and glaciers: 1.7%
Accessible freshwater 0.77%
Hydrology: branch of envi sci that deals with water properties, movement, and distribution
Driven by the sun
Water is either soaked into the ground by infiltration (percolates) or surface runoff into surface waterbodies.
Runoff ratio:
high ratio = water recharging aquifers and is purified
low ratio = water movement toward ocean (less usable)
Millennium Ecosystem assessment
“… a changing climate can modify all elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and runoff. It can also change both the timing and intensity of precipitation, snowmelt, and runoff.”
Water issues
The Aral Sea
Groundwater
damming
pollution
loss of water to surface water
land subsidence
saltwater intrusion near coast
Severe flooding
Extreme droughts
Increased erosion
Lead and metal pollution
Overconsumption
Water
water represents ecosystem capital that provides goods and services
H2O
Fundamental to life
Universal Solvent
Has polar charge
Allows for Hydrogen bonding
Polarity gives water a number of unique properties (high boiling, melting, freezing, vaporization, heat capacity, high viscosity, adhesion and cohesion)