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Unit 4 Biology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Metaphase II :
        Homologous chromosomes align at the center.
      - Anaphase II :
        Sister chromatids separate and move to the opposite poles.
      - Prophase II :
        Cromosomes recondense, spindle fibers reform.
      - Telophase II & Cytokinesis :
        Four haploid daughter cells were formed.
        Genetically unique from each other and the parent cell
    - - Metaphase I :
        Homologous pairs align in the middle.
        Independent assortment begins.
      - Anaphase I :
        Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.
        Sister chromatids stay together.
      - Prophase I :
        Chromosomes condense and become visible.
        Homologous chromosomes pair up.
        Crossing over occurs (exchange of genetic material).
      - Telophase I & Cytokinesis:
        Nuclear memebrane may reform.
        Cell divides into two haploid cells.
- - - - Disadvantage:
        Slower, more energy consuming
      - Advantage:
        The ability to adapt to changing environments
      - Disadvantage:
        Requires a mate (male or female)
      - Advantage:
        Increases genetic diversity
    - - Offspring genetically unique (due to crossing over)
      - Zygote Formation
      - Involves two parents
      - Fertilization (fusion of gametes sperm and egg cells)
        
        Leads to variation in population
      - Slower, but increases genetic diversity
      - Gamete formation (via meiosis)
      - Development of embryo
  - - - Vegetative Pogmantation (e.g., potato, onion)
      - Budding (e.g., yeast, hydra)
      - Offspring genetically identical (clones)
      - Binary Fission (e.g., bacteria)
      - Faster and less energy consuming (male not needed)
      - Involves one parent
    - - Disadvantage:
        Prone to extinction if conditions change or vulnerability towards something
      - Advantage:
        Thrives in stable enviroments where there is no genetic variation needed
      - Disadvantage:
        No genetic variation (meaning the clone of the parent)
      - Advantage:
        Quick and efficient in low preadation enviroments