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Explanations and Treatment of Depression - Coggle Diagram
Explanations and Treatment of Depression
Cognitive Explanation
Beck's Negative Triad
3 Elements:
Negative thoughts about...
The future
Oneself
The world
Suggests someone's cognition can create a vulnerability to depression
Stems from negative schemas
Act as a mental framework
Self-schema
- is the package of information we have about ourselves
Schema
- a ‘package’ of ideas and information developed through experience
Individuals with depression often have a self-schema filled with
negative
information
Maintained by cognitive biases
Due to cognitive distortions, we focus on the negative aspects of a situation and ignore the positives
Individuals blow small problems out of proportion and think in ‘black and white’
Ellis' ABC Model
Suggests depression is mainly the result of irrational thoughts about external events
B
ELIEFS (IRRATIONAL)
Discomfort intolerance
I-can't-stand-it-itis
Major disaster if things don’t happen smoothly
Utopianism
life should always be fair
Musturbation
We must always achieve perfection
A
CTIVIATING EVENT
This triggers irrational thoughts
E.g. Failing a test
C
ONSEQUENCES
DEPRESSION is the consquence
Emotional and behavioural outcomes of A and B
Cognitive Treatment
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
2) Challenging irrational thoughts
Irrational ideas can be replaced with more optimistic and rational beliefs
Clients are made aware of their negative views
3) Skill acquisition and application
Behavioural activation - where the patient is encouraged to become more active and take part in activities
Patients will be set homework tasks
Physical activity naturally lifts mood, but many individuals with depression no longer participate in physical activities
Putting themselves into situations which they would have previously avoided
Maybe telling a family member or friend how they really feel
1) Identifying negative thinking patterns
Client is asked to provide information about how they perceive themselves, the future and the world
The therapist would use a process of reality testing
4) Follow up
follow-up session is scheduled approximately a month after their last session
Therapist checks that the treatment was successful and that the patient isn’t relapsing
Discuss questions or concerns the patient may have about the transition
Refresh skills learned in therapy
Check in with the patient about their self-management of symptoms and stressors
Review treatment goals and maintenance of treatment goals
Therapy sessions
Meet with a therapist for between 5 and 20 weekly or fortnightly sessions.
Each session will last between 30 and 60 minutes.