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chapter 4 Institutional developments - Coggle Diagram
chapter 4 Institutional developments
the monarchy
Most important element in the maintenance of stability, source of unity and authority in the kingdom. Directly responsible for the protection of subjects.
Tudors constantly reminded their subjects that an act of treason against the monarch was not just treason but a sin against God.
Concept of the Great Chain of Being kept monarch's authority constantly underlined as they were closest to God and people were encouraged to keep their place in society.
Tudors worked to enhace the respect and aura around the monarchy. Oaths of succession and supermacy, Use of proclamations. HENRY VII issued a proclamation in 1509 to end suspicion surrounding speculation of a pretender.
Propaganda
HENRY VII - claimed descent from king Arthur which added to the majesty of the king. Developed the Tudor rose as a symbol of unity. Burgundian style court added to the lavishness.
HENRY VIII - Visual imagery to highlight his physicality and virility. Monuments to his magnificence.
EDWARD AND MARY - Sickly boy and an introverted woman both presented as strong figures on their portraits. Mary's image on her Great seals reflected a legal bearing.
ELIZABETH - Elevated the image of the monarchy whilst remaining close to her subjects to gain popularity. Stayed with country gentry on her royal parades. Wanted to be idealised as a symbol of eternal stability. Gave gifts to her subjects such as rings with her portrait as a subtle reminder of her power. Political offices were also given as rewards to loyal nobles.
the church
HENRY VII - His accession to the throne was made to be very divine and majestic. Expected the pope to support him against rebels and imposters. Anyone who fought against Henry at Stoke or Blackheath was immediately threatened with excommunication.
HENRY VIII - Church Crown relations actually strengthened after the Reformation. Bishops offered their office and loyalty solely to the Crown. Henry continued to use them as administrators.
EDWARD - Homily on Obedience reminded people that in obeying the king, they were actually obeying God.
ELIZABETH - At the height of an economic and social crisis, priests' sermons spoke of the efforts the government had been making to help relieve the poor, and remind wealthy subjects of their duty to do so too. Church played an important role in reiterating the need to obey the law.
MARY - her oppressive rule led to theories of disobedience towards the monarch. They argued that rebellion could be justified if the monarch was acting like a tyrant against God, if the rebellion were to be led by a figure of authority.
parliament
HENRY VII - made his intention clear to clamp down on illegal retaining, which was the root cause of a lot of violence. Star Chamber Act, Act of Livery and Maintenance and subsequent Statute of Liveries confirm king's support from parliament.
HENRY VIII - most of catholic clergy were uneasy about the break from Rome, but Parliament as a whole approved of the dissolution. After 1536, chnages to existing religious laws had to first be approved by parliament.
EDWARD AND MARY - House of Commons provided a forum where the grievances and concerns of the gentry could be expressed which deterred them from immediately starting a rebellion.
ELIZABETH - Act for the Queen's safety (1584) which reflected the increasing patriotism amongst MPs. Many gentry at this point desired to become MPs, and more parliamentary seats were created. MPs were concerned about economic and social issues in their boroughs. Parliament became a valuable ally and sounding board for the political nation.
royal councils
privy council
HENRY VII - 227 men attended his council during his reign. Most important was Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor and Lord Chamberlain.
ELIZABETH - regular attendance fell to fewer than 12. By 1603 the council was meeting everyday and dominated by members of the household.
HENRY VIII - Added more nobles to the council. By 1540s a privy council was formed of a small, select group of councillors as the council had began to reflect noble factions according to Henry's marriage circumstances.
council of the north
council of wales
judiciary and the law
royal commissions and jps
sheriffs and lords lieutenant