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Assessment Techniques and Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills - Coggle…
Assessment Techniques and Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Author: Yousef Abosalem
Purpose: Examine how assessment techniques, particularly tests made by teachers, impact students' development of higher order thinking skills
Learning theories
Behaviorist theory: see learning as a change in behavior. It happens step by step, with complex skills broken into smaller parts that can be learned one at a time
Cognitive theory: perceives learning as taking place when the knowledge is internally contained and personalized
Constructive theory: learning happens when students take part, think for themselves, and connect new ideas to what they already know. The teachers' role is the facilitator.
higher-order skills can be achieved by:
through lessons and special workshops in developing higher skills
through the regular mathematics classes and other school subject
constructing new models of curriculum and instruction techniques
Definition of terms
Skills: sophisticated useful activity that requires intended training and organized practices.
indicated to be learned or acquired behavior
Critical thinking: consists of being reflective, involving standards, being authentic, and being reasonable.
Higher order thinking: occurs when the student obtains new knowledge and stores it in his memory, and correlates, organized, or evaluated to achieve a specific purpose
Assessment and Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Traditional assessments focus on memorization
Higher order thinking skills include reasoning, problem-solving & communication.
Authentic assessments better measure HOTS through real-world tasks.
Mismatch between teaching HOTS and using basic test formats.
Effective assessment should align with instructional goals to support HOTS development.
Assessment Methods
Assessment is more about learning
and teaching than just testing.
Traditional tests are one-time measures, focus on right/wrong answers, and encourage memorization.
Authentic assessments evaluate what students
can do with learned material in real-world contexts.
Performance-based assessments resemble learning activities but are valid and reliable.
This promotes creativity, interpretation,
and application of knowledge.
Classroom assessment of HOTS
Critical thinking is essential in both traditional and online classrooms.
Bloom’s Taxonomy is commonly used to design assessments targeting various cognitive levels.
Most teacher-made tests focus on lower-order thinking skills
Studies show that up to 80% of test items are at the knowledge level.
Higher-order skills are rarely assessed.