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FORCES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - displacement (m/s)
    - - velocity = displacement / time taken
  - - - Distance (m/s)
        
        which can be found by
        
        Area under Speed-time graph
    - - Speed = distance / time taken
      - Average speed = total distance / total time taken
      - Gradient of distance-time graph
  - - - Acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
      - gradient of distance-time graph
    - - Acceleration of free fall for a body near Earth is constant and is approximately 10m/s^2
- - - - contact forces: friction, air resistance, tension, normal force
        non-contact force: gravitational forces, magnetic forces, electrostatic forces
        
        acting perpendicularly per unit area gives
        
        P = F/A where P is pressure (Pa), F is force (N), A is contact area (m^2)
      - is related to
        
        Weight W (SI unit: N)
        
        Gravitational force acting on an object that has mass
        
        due to
        
        the effect of a gravitational field, which is a region in which a mass experiences a force due to gravitational attraction
        
        W = mg
        
        where
        
        Gravitational field strength g is the gravitational force per unit mass placed at that point
        
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        is related to
        
        Mass m (SI unit: kg)
        
        is defined as
        
        a measure of the amount of matter in a body
        
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        is a
        
        scalar quantity
        
        values may be compared using
        
        electronic balance
        
        beam balance
        
        values may be compared using
        
        spring balance
        
        is a
        
        vector quantity
- - - - Motion of Objects
        
        is governed by
        
        Newton's First Law of Motion
        
        Every object will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless a resultant force acts on it
        
        Newton's Second Law of Motion
        
        When a resultant force acts on an object of constant mass, the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
        
        Newton's Third Law of Motion
        
        If body A exerts a force FAB on body B, then body B will exert an equal and opposite force FBA on body A
        
        describes
        
        Action-reaction pairs
- - - - is related to
        
        centre of gravity
      - can be found using this formula
        
        M=Fd where M is moment, F is force, d is perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force
      - which can be
        
        clockwise or anti clockwise
        
        which are equal for a body in
        
        equilibrium
        
        where
        
        resultant force on the body is zero
        resultant moment on the body is zero
        
        according to
        
        principle of moments:
        sum of clockwise moment about a pivot = sum of anticlockwise moment about the same pivot
- - - - W=Fs where F is force, s is the distance moved in the direction of the force
  - - - is defined as P= W/t = E/t where W is work done, E is energy transferred, t is time taken
  - - - The Principle of Conservation of Energy
        
        states that
        
        Energy cannot be created or destroyed
        It can be transferred from one energy store to another
        The energy of an isolated system remains constant
        
        types of energy stores
        
        Kinetic store
        Gravitational potential store
        Elastic potential store
        Chemical potential store
        Internal store
        Nuclear store
        
        can be obtained or produced from energy resources
        
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        energy can be transferred from one store to another in four different pathways
        
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- - - - related to
        
        internal energy store
        
        which is
        
        made up of the sum of the total kinetic energy and total potential energy of all the randomly moving particles
        
        temperature
        
        which
        
        increases with the average kinetic energy of the particles in a body