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campaigns affect policy making - Coggle Diagram
campaigns affect policy making
types of campaigns
pressure groups
organisations
attempt to influence government policy
gain public support
persuade politicians
individual campaign
often develop into newspaper campaigns
started by lone individuals
take action on a policy
newspaper campaign
mobilise public opinion to influence law
make gov take action
pressure groups
snowdrop
started by ann pearston/ relatives and anti-firearm supporters
influence/support used to pressure gov
wanted legislative change
1996- dunblane massacre
thomas hamilton killed 16 young children and teacher
shot himself
was a gun collector
4 handguns
743 rounds of ammo
main method
ban on private ownership of hand guns
700k signitatures
delivered to parliament
used media methods
letter from mother of victim
marches
celebrity support from sean connery
not a full change but was still a success
firearms (ammendment) act 1997
ban private ownership of handguns over .22 calibre
national gun amnesty
surrendered over 165k licensed handguns and 700 tonnes of ammo
protection against stalking
large organisation/national charity
work w/ communities
public awareness of stalking
provide specialist services
national consortium of charities
influence/suppport pressure gov into legislative change
poor quality of laws on stalking/harrassment
inadequate training of pros
protection from harrassment act 1997 no longer fit
was not a criminal offence
growing prevalence of stalking
1 in 5 women / 1 in 10 men
94% women stalked=murdered
set up independent parliamentary inquiry
PAS acted as advisors
also used lobbying
attempts were successful
stalking needed to be defined
revised act
protection of freedoms act 2012
stalking is now a crim offence
stalking protection act 2019
stalking protection orders
individual campaign
clare's law
clares father michael brown after her murder in 2009
campaigned for disclosure scheme
persistent until change
clare was strangled/set on fire by ex-boyfriend George Appleton
had history of violence against women
brown argued knowing could have protected his daughter
people have the right to know their partner's history
found loophole in law
violent people could hide behind Protection of Data Act
forwarded a police disclosure to gov
four years gaining evidence/petitions/charity support/politicians
appeared on TV/radio/newspapers
domestic violence disclosure scheme 2014
the right to ask/ the right to know
codified under the domestic violence act 2021
police now have a legal duty
double jeopardy
ann ming after murder of daughter in 1989
julie hogg killed by billy dunlop in home
1991- dunlop's trial failed to reach verdict
formally cleared of murder
later confessed but couldn't be retried
campaigned using newspapers/radio/tv
strongly backed by northern echo
criminal justice act 2003
DJ abolished for 30 serious offences (murder)
dunlop was the first person convicted
newspapers campaign
sarah's law
started as an individual campaign set up by parents
newspapers caught on
urged for policy change
e.g News of the World
2000- 8 yr old sarah payne abducted/murdered by roy whiting
known sex offender
lack of initial evidence meant charged in 2001
believed info of sex offenders should be disclosed
right to know
news of the world pressure gov
name and shamed sex offenders
some were incorrectly accused
released names of 100 men
threatened 100 more w/o policy change
surge of vigilatism
attacks on those named
petitioned to gov
700,000 signatures
child sex offender disclosure scheme
parents can ask for info about those in contact w/ child
piloted in E/W in 2008 (4 areas)
successful
spring 2011- covered all of UK
dangerous dogs
rise in dog attacks
newspapers called for a ban on certain breeds
telegraph newspaper
1991- dog attacked 6 yr old Rukhsana Khan
playing in a park, then mauled by a dog
daily express/telegraph tried to pressure gov
publicising graphic details
moral panic
led to dangerous dogs act 1991
banned
american pitbull
japanese tosa
dogo argentino
fila brasilerio
an offence to own a dangerous dog