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federalism + devolution - Coggle Diagram
federalism + devolution
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the uk recently has been named a quasi-federal state due to the ongoing devolution, power has been decentralised to more localised bodies
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in the uk there are clear instances of devolved bodies such as the scottish government having free university fees.
policy in the us can also be done on a state level in 2023 Ron de Santis the Florida governor signed into state legislation the 'dont say gay bill'
it allows for local traditions and regional differences to be reflected, in the uk this has led to policy divergence where policies are different depending on the part in the uk.
in the us 24 states have legalised marjuana whereas in califronia the possession of a small amount could lead to a 6 month prison sentence
26 states have restricted the discussion of bias, discrimination of people in schools whereas in states such as new York after the Black Lives Matter movement they encouraged action to be taken to reduce bias that still may be present
very little policy divergence in england, for example university tuition fees is centralised in the department of education
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devolution in the uk is asymmetric e.g. some bodies receive more powers than others whereas in the us the power is even across all the states
in the uk clashes between Westminster and devolved governments is rare however in the us the clashes are more common, often enveloping Supreme Court and use of judicial review.
under George bush the 'no child left behind policy' advanced civil rights and tried to close the gap between underperforming schools and the top schools by having requirements schools had to meet results wise to gain access to federal funding.
devolution in the uk is much more recent than federalism in the us, devolution created in 1997 + 1998 by legislation it theoretically could be removed however in the us federalism is stated in their constitution.
devolution in the uk is constantly changing such as the scotland act of 2016 whereas federalism stays the same. Supreme Court ruling in 2022 stated scottish gov could not hold referendum without uk gov consent
federalism is an entrenched principle in the American constitution the 10th amendment states that all powers not specifically given to the federal gov belong with the states
the uk has increased powers of its devolved assembly along with in the us the federal government has encroached powers form the states in areas such as education, certainly in the us the original federal gov had fewer responsibilities and it was the world wars and Great Depression whcih extended their powers. the federal government 1955 could interfere with state voting if they prohibited black Americans from voting
as th United States has become more centralised the uk has become more decentralised, the two systems are moving closer. with in the uk metro mayors being elected, in the uk the devolveds can chose the electoral systems such as ams in scotland and stv in Northern Ireland .
in the us there has been pushbacks against a more federal government with Dobbs v Jackson overturning roe v wade which gave the power of abortion rights back to the states, the states could also decide covid vaccination laws overturning the national mandate for vaccination.
England contains 74% of the population of the uk and remains a remarkably unified states with no devolved governments only with a plethora of elected mayors.