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HEREDITY, EXTENSIONS TO MENDEL'S PRINCIPLES, THE ASSUMPTIONS OF HW,…
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THE ASSUMPTIONS OF HW
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NATURAL SELECTION
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In this example, 2 (triangle) has more vigorous offspring
Over time, individuals with the 2 genotype are able to reproduce more and grow in numbers
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LIFE HISTORY
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lx(Fx)x = average number of offspring per capita at time x, weighted by age x
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LIFE TABLE PRACTICE G
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Calculated by taking the sum of the Age-weighted fecundity column and then dividing by the net reproductive rate
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For humans, typically 20-35 years of age
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To predict if a population will grow or shrink, ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population.
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Population age structure—Are there lots of: young individuals? Old individuals? Reproductive age individuals?; and similar questions
Population growth rate—How fast is the population size growing (or shrinking)? Population survivorship patterns—Does most mortality occur in the very young? The very old? Or equally across all ages?
LIFE TABLE PRACTICE, R0
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Represents the expected number of offspring an individual will produce over its lifetime in the population.
If R0>1, the population size increases.
If R0<1, the population size decreases, and
if R0=1, then population size does not change.
LIFE TABLE PRACTICE R
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Calculated by taking the natural log of the net reproductive rate divided by the mean generation time.
If r>0, the population size increases.
If r<0, the population size decreases, and
if r=1, then population size does not change.
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MENDELIAN GENETICS
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PRINCIPLE OF DOMINANCE
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Homozygosity, both alleles are the same
PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION
Alleles are segregated, separated, from one another during meiosis
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During meiosis, 2 members of a gene pair separate from each other
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GENETIC VARIATION
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INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
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In general, the possibilities are 2n
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DIPLOID INDIVIDUAL
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Resemble each other in size, shape & hereditary information
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