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biology, Topic 1: cells and control - Coggle Diagram
biology
Topic 1: cells and control
Mitosis
forms two identical daughter cells from one parent cell
Stages(IPMATC)
prophase
nuclei membrane dissolves
metaphase
chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell
interphase
by the end of interphase chromosomes start to become visible as they have been duplicated
anaphase
chromosomes are pulled apart to either end of the cell and are now called chromotids
telophase
spinal fibres disappear and new nuclear membranes form around the two groups of chromotids
cytokinesis
cell membrane pinches in and eventuality forms two daughter cells
things to remember
makes to identical daughter cells
all daughter cells are diploid
diploid: two sets of chromosomess
when does it happen
only when new diploid cells are needed for growth, repair (replacement of damaged cells) or asexual reproduction
growth in animals
fertilised egg cells or zygotes divide by mitosis to produce two genetically identical daughter cell
these cells grow and divide by mitosis and eventually differentiate into different types of cells that make up a whole orginism
differentiation produces specialised cells that are adapted to carry out a particular function
specialised cells examples
red blood cells
white blood cells
egg and sperm cells
nerve cells
bone cells
smooth muscle cells
growth in plants
plant cells divide by mitosis just behind the tips of roots and shoots
after cells grow by enlarging through taking in water by osmosis into the vacuole and enlarging the cell causing it to elongate
these cells can differentiate into specialised cells
specialised cells examples
xylem
phloem
root hair cell
stoma cell
mesophyll cells
most plant cells can continue to grow and differentiate throughout life
estimating growth
when orginisms grow they get bigger
growth can be mesured in two ways
increase in length
increase in mass
growth is permanent increase in size for example, a balloon that is blown up a bit more has not grown in size.
percentile charts
help show if a child is growing faster or slower than is normal for their age
babies with mass above the 95th percentile or bellow the 5th percentile may not be growing properly
babies who's mass decreases by 2 or more percentiles over their fist year may not be growing properly either