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Exam 3 - Coggle Diagram
Exam 3
Chapter 11
What was the Dust Bowl and why did this occur?
Large drought that happened in the 1930s, covered large amounts of land in dust and dirt.
- Describe the different soil master horizons. ,
A (topsoil), E (eluvial), B (subsoil), C (parent material), and R (bedrock).
What are the five soil forming factors?
Climate, Biota Parent Material, Topography, Time
- What are soils typically composed of?
Minerals, Air, Water, Organic Material
Explain soil erosion, the different types, and preventative measures.
One of the most destructive forces on earth, Formed by wind and water, Contour strip planting, conservation tillage, crop rotation.
What do plant require from soils for growth?
Water, Nutrients, aeration, support
What are the functions of soil organic matter?
Provides nutrients for the plants and structure for the animals living in the soil
What is soil texture? How do we determine this using a textural triangle?
The amount of particles that each type of soil takes up, the texture triangle shows the particle size and how abundant the type of soil makes up.
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Chapter 12
What are some of the environmental and socioeconomic problems with conventional agriculture? Problems with conventional agriculture is how much space is needed to grow the crops (Deforestation) and how much effort may go into crops only for them to maybe succeed.
How do subsistence and modern farming differ?
Substance- smaller local farming for local consumption
Modern- Larger scale made to feed more people
What revolutions were most related to agriculture and food supply? The neolithic revolution The Industrial Revolution and the Green Revolution
What are GMOs? How are they created? What are some of the different types of GMOs discussed in class? How do they relate to the “Precautionary Principle”?
Genetically Modified Organisms, Created by transgenic engineering and marker assisted breeding, BT is an example of a GMO, GMOs have pesticides and vaccines that some people may be allergic to.
How do transgenic vs. marker-assisted breeding differ.
Transgenic-Gene taken from a different organism
Marker Assisted- Sped up breeding by using molecular biological techniques
What are HT vs Bt crops?
HT- Herbicides,
BT- Insecticides
What is biofuel? Why is it problematic?
Fuel created from natural products like corn, the fuel is only limited to the success of the crop.
Describe slash and burn agriculture. Where is this usually conducted and how?
The process in which areas of land are cut and burned to from agricultural land
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Chapter 10
What different reserves of water are found on earth? What is their abundance?
Saltwater (97.5%)
Glacier ice cap (1.7%%)
Accessible Fresh Water (0.77)
- How do adhesion and cohesion differ from one another?
Adhesion- Water sticks to other things
Cohesion- water sticks to itself
How does our water use differ from use in developing nations? What is the greatest use of water worldwide?
Our water use is consumed more liberally when compared to developing nations. Our water can be used for bathing, pluming, and recreation, while in developing nations it is used for drinking and farming. Water is also used greatest in farming on earth.
What are the different components of the hydrologic cycle? How does each component relate to one another?
Precipitation, runoff, evaporation, condensation. They each are driven by the sun and make it so rain will be created.
How does the hydrologic cycle relate to global climate change?
As the world slowly increases in temperature, the speed of the hydrologic cycle increases. As a result, some areas may get more rain than others.
How do infiltration and runoff differ?
Infiltration causes water to seep into aquafers, while runoff fills ponds, lakes, and rivers
What are the two main types of aquifers?
Confined and Unconfined Aquafers
How can we use gray water in our everyday lives?
Grey water is used to wash clothing and plumbing
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Chapter 14
What is the most commonly used fossil fuel? What about for electrical power generation?
Petroleum are the most common fossil fuel, Coal is most common for electricity
What are the consequences of coal, natural gas, and oil?
When burned they emit high amounts of CO2
Know how bitumen and kerogen oil differ from one another. Kerogen- Oil Shale, developed when oil is at high price
Bitumen- Tar Sands, forms when boreal forests are damaged
How do conflicts in the Middle East relate to oil?
The middle east makes most of their profits on oil due to their land not being the best for growing crops
Know about hydraulic fracturing and oil recovery processes.
Steam in injected into the ground which pumps oil into the tube and out.
Know basic information about power generation and turbogenerators.
Coil heats water, water boils to form steam, steam moves turbine, condenser turns rotation into energy, generator turns energy into power.
Brownouts and blackouts commonly occur during what time of day, week, and season? Mainly during the winter months during the day particularly around 9am.
Be able to describe fossil fuel formation
Forms under millions of years after an organism passes, fossil fuels form mainly from plant remains
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