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Transport in Cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Diffusion of ions and water-soluble molecules across cell membrane using 2 transport proteins (channel and carrier proteins), down concentration gradient
    - - Channel Proteins
        
        Hydrophilic channel across membrane
        
        For ions and hydrophilic molecules
      - Carrier Proteins
        
        Substance binds temporarily to CP
        
        CP changes shape --> transports substance across membrane
        
        Change in shape
        
        Release
        
        Binding
    - - All transport proteins in use --> cannot increase ROD
      - Passive process
  - - - Net movement of water molecules from solution of higher to lower water potential through partially permeable membrane
        
        Concentration ↑, water potential ↓
    - - Diluted Solution (higher WP)
        
        Water enters cell, cell swells a bit, becomes turgid
      - Same WP
        
        No net movement of water, cell normal size
      - Concentrated solution (lower WP)
        
        Water leaves cell, cytoplasm shrinks, cell becomes plasmolysed
    - - Diluted Solution (higher WP)
        
        Water enters cell, cell swells and may burst (lysis)
      - Same WP
        
        No net movement of water, cell normal size
      - Concentrated solution (lower WP)
        
        Water leaves cell, cell shrinks and crenates
    - - Organisms in Marine Environments
        
        Environment of lower WP than their cells
        
        Actively pump ions
        
        Reduces their WP
        
        Reduces water loss by osmosis
      - Plants
        
        Actively pump ions into root hair cells
        
        Lower their WP
        
        Ensures water enters rather than leaves cells
      - Unicellular organisms
        
        Habitats of higher WP than itself
        
        Expel water using contractile vacuoles
        
        Prevents swelling and lysis
  - - - Distance over which diffusion occurs ↓, ROD ↑
      - Surface area to volume ratio over which Diffusion occurs ↑, ROD ↑
      - Concentration gradient ↑, ROD ↑
    - - Definition
        
        Net movement of substances from higher to lower concentration --> equilibrium