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EXAM #3 - Coggle Diagram
EXAM #3
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THE HYDROLIC CYCLE
WATER RESERVES ON EARTH
3% freshwater: glaciers (majority), groundwater, surface water
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Infiltration vs Runoff
High infiltration = recharge, clean water
High runoff = less usable, carries pollution
🚿 Gray Water
Reusable water from sinks, laundry → for irrigation, flushing toilets
🌧️ Hadley Cells
Warm air rises at equator (rainforests), cools/sinks at 30° (deserts)
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Solutions: recharge zones, reduced pumping
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Types: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Petroleum
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Natural gas = heating, power
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Loss of topsoil = food shortages, migration
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Soils in NJ
Ultisols – orange/red, state soil (Downer)
Spodosols – leached, sandy, Pine Barrens
Histosols – organic-rich, dark peat
Inceptisols – “catch-all”, grey gleying
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SOIL COMPOSTION
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5% Organic Matter (80% humus, 10% roots, 10% organisms)
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BIOFUELS ;
Ethanol/oils from crops
Cuts foreign oil use, but causes deforestation, food crises
2007–08: corn for fuel, weather, stock drop
2022–now: fuel prices, COVID, war, inflation