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PhD - Coggle Diagram
PhD
Bone
biomarkers
Bone resorption
DPD or Deoxypyridoline
PYD or Pyridoline
NTX
CTX
HP or Hydroxyproline
Bone formation
BSAP or bone specific alkaline phosphatase (produced by osteoblast)
OCN, OC or osteocalcine (produced by osteoblast)
PICP
PINP
AP or ALP (non-specific alkaline phosphatase)
Systemic changes
HR-pQCT
localized adaptation to the mechanical environment
microarchitecture
BV/TV
vBMD
Tb.Th
...
XCT1/XCT2
downsampling = decreasing the resolution of XCT2 data to be able to compare them with XCT1 data
cycle of bone formation/resorption (diagram Man et al., 2022, p.11)
Osteoclasts
-> cathepsin K and metalloproteinases -> degrades coll matrix
Releases : Ca2+ and growth factor GF (BMPs and TGF beta, good for bone formation)
cavity reaches a certain size: osteoclasts undergo apoptosis
GF activates mesenchymental stem cells (MSC) differentiation to osteoblast lineage
During the maturation process secretion of:
COLL I
non-collagenous proteins (OCN, osteonectin, bone sialo-protein II, osteopontin)
Alkaline phosphatase (marker of osteoblast maturation and differentiation and responsible for bone mineralization)
proteoglycans
mineralized by osteoblasts
1 more item...
Cartilage
biomarkers
COLL II degradation marker
C2C or collagenase-generated neopeptidase (serum)
C1,2C
uCTX-II or crossed-linked C-telopeptidase (urin)
synthesis
CPII or C-propeptide of pro-collagen
Cartilage metabolism
MMP-9
MMP-3
MRI
Muscle