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Diabetes Monitoring Service Domain Model, Testing, HbA1c (Glycated…

- - - - Smart insulin delivery refers to advanced systems or technologies designed to automatically adjust insulin dosing based on a person's real-time needs, without requiring constant manual input.
  - - - Fingerstick glucose meters (glucometers)
        
        Devices for measuring blood glucose from a drop of blood.
      - Smart Insulin Pens
        
        Reusable insulin pens that track insulin doses digitally. They often connect to smartphone apps to help users monitor injections and calculate dosing.
    - - Wearable biosensors
        
        Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs)
        
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        Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data
        
        Software
        
        Mobile health (mHealth) apps:
        
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        Analysis and Prediction
        
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        Telemonitoring platforms:
        
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        Digital twin models in diabetes management
        
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        Real-time or near-real-time blood glucose readings from a sensor
        
        Closed-loop systems (Artificial pancreas systems)
        
        Systems combining a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and insulin pump. An algorithm automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on real-time glucose readings.
        
        Devices that measure glucose levels in real-time using a sensor inserted under the skin
        
        Flash Glucose Monitors
        
        Small sensors worn on the skin that continuously measure glucose levels in the fluid under the skin. Users scan the sensor with a reader or phone to get real-time glucose readings without fingersticks.
        
        Wearable biosensors are devices that can be worn on, inside, or near the human body to monitor biological signals, such as indicators of a patient's health.
- - - - • Rapid-acting: Works within minutes (e.g., Humalog).
      - • Intermediate-acting: Covers blood sugar for about half a day (e.g., NPH insulin).
      - • Long-acting: Steady release over 24 hours (e.g., Lantus).
- - - - Testing blood glucose at specific times and under specific conditions (before meals, after meals, exercise) to find patterns and adjust treatment.