Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endotoxins & Exotoxins - Coggle Diagram
Endotoxins & Exotoxins
Diptheria (Exo)
Leading cause of death in children before 1935. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, gram (+), no spores, found in throats of asymptomatic carriers.
Airborne, TMT antitoxin, PVT Vaccine
Scarlet Fever (Exo)
Streptococcus pyogenes, Erythrogenic toxin can damage plasma membranes of blood capillaries to produce a red skin rash & high fever
Erythrogenic toxin is due to a prophage, sequel to strep throat
Botulism (Exo)
Clostridium botulinum, Obligate anaerobe, endospore forming, gram (+), bacillus found in soil
1-2 incubation. Symptoms: nausea, double vision, difficulty swallowing, weakness.
Affects the end of the nerve creating a progressive flaccid paralysis, respiratory / cardiac failure
History: Early 1800s, "sausage disease." Destroyed by boiling. Prevention: nitrates, acidic foods (pH<4.7)
Infant: Most common, associated w/ honey. Adult: Not common due to flora. TMT: Trivalent antitoxin. Therapy: Botox (Wrinkles, arm pits, strabismus, blepharospasm)
Tetanus (Exo)
Clostridium tetani, gram (+), endospore former, blocks muscle relaxation (lockjaw, opisthotonus, difficulty swallowing, death)
PVT: Toxoid vaccine + boosters/10 years. TMT: Debridement, antibiotics
Cholera (Exo)
Vibrio cholerae, gram (-), motile. Cholera toxin: B subunit binds, A subunit induces fluid loss (rice water stools). Unsanitary water supply
PVT: Recovery=short-term immunity. TMT: Tetracycline, IV fluids
-
Endotoxins
Lipid A from gram (-) outer membrane, released during multiplication or cell death. Stimulate cytokine release
Symptoms: Chills, fever, aches, miscarriage, shock death. Septic shock: Sever drop of BP due to high # of bacteria. Phagocytosis of bacteria causes release of Tumor Necrosis Factor (500k cases/yr)
-