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The novel, Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels: This book explores…
The novel
- Definition of Novels :
A novel is a type of story that is usually long and tells about the lives and problems of characters. The word "novel" originally referred to love stories that focused on real, believable characters. :
- Factors Contributing to Popularity
b. - Professional Writers - Writers from the middle class who started to work as a career not just a hobby.
c. Book Availability:
- Printing improvements made books cheaper
- Libraries spread, making books accessible
a. Growing Reading Public:
- More people could read
- Readers no longer wanted to read medieval romances: they wanted to read stories in which they could see themselves mirrored as individuals.
- Women: Important new audience
d. Free Time:
- Wealthy people had more leisure time
- Reading became a popular activity in free time
- when?
Novels became popular in the late 18th century.
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- Origins - they originated from a mix of older types of stories, like romances (which were more about fantasy) and historical tales (which were about real-life events).
3a. Example - fiction and realism - found their perfect balance in Cervantes masterpiece Don Quixote (1605), which many critics consider the first (and probably the greatest)'novel of modernity. Cervantes novel is based on the contrast between the protagonist's ideal world of chivalry and the squalid reality of 17th-century Spain.
Novels in the 18th century were flexible. They could be about different things, like understanding people’s feelings (psychological), making fun of society (satire), or adding details from history (historical references).
- Types of 18th-Century Novels
Epistolary Novels:
These are written as letters, where characters write to each other.
Picaresque Novels: Stories about characters who go on adventures, told by a third-person narrator.
Memoirs: Stories told like an autobiography, with the narrator speaking in the first person (like the person telling the story is the main character).
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8.The first big English novel was Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, published in 1719. This story was about a man who got stuck on a deserted island and had to survive on his own. It showed how you could build a new society from nothing. - Moll Flanders (Defoe's other novel) shows how life in the city can be harsh and how too much focus on money can make society inhuman.
- Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels: This book explores different types of societies and criticizes European society for being too corrupt and unreasonable.