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Etiology of AKI - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sepsis
      - Ischemia
        
        也就是prerenal AKI prolong 的結果，可分成兩種
        
        Microvascular
        
        Large-vessel disease
      - Nephrotoxins
        
        Exogenous 外源性
        
        Iodinated contrast agents
        
        Antibiotic
        
        Chemotherapeutic agents
        
        Endogenous 內源性
        
        Myoglobin 上升
        
        Hemoglobin 上升
        
        Uric acid 上升
        
        Myeloma light chains 累積
        
        Hypercalcemia
    - - Tubular
      - Vessels
      - Glomeruli
      - Interstitial
- - - - 輸尿管
        
        stone, blood clots, external compression, tumor, retroperitoneal fibrosis
      - 尿道
        
        strictures, obstructed foley catheter
      - 攝護腺
        
        攝護腺肥大, blood clots, cancer
- - - - Hypovolemia
      - Decreased cardiac output
      - Medication
        
        NSAID
        
        因為造成入球小擴張無法擴張=>GFR 下降
        
        ACEI/ARB
        
        因為造成出球小擴張無法收縮=>GFR 下降