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Ch.3 + Schillinger article - Coggle Diagram
Ch.3 + Schillinger article
Health communications is the full range of use of information in health from data collection to decision-making.
Incomplete information is correct or accurate information that does not provide the fill picture and may therefore be misleading.
Misinformation any inaccurate or false information which is believed by the user to be accurate.
Disinformation is the false or inaccurate information that is spread deliberately to deceive.
Aspects of Health Communications:
collecting data
compiling information
presenting information
perceiving information
combing information
decision-making
Health Communications has shifted from health providers providing education about risk and disease and health services to regular citizens interacting on the internet about information.
Public Health Surveillance is the collection of health data as the basis for monitoring and understanding health problems, generating hypotheses about etiology, and evaluating the success of interventions.
7 types of quantitative sources of public health surveillance data:
single case or small series
statistics and reportable diseases
surveys/sampling
sentinel monitoring
syndromic surveillance
social media
Population health status measures are the quantitative summary measures of the health of a large population.
Two standard measurements that summarize the health status of populations:
infant mortality rate
life expectancy
Another measurement was recently added by WHO. It is called under-5 mortality. It is a population health status measure that estimates the probability of dying during the first 5 years of life.
Currently, the WHO uses HALE to summarize the health of populations. HALE stands for health-adjusted life expectancy. It is a population health status measure that combines life expectancy with a measure of the population's overall quality of health.
Key Components of HALE:
mobility (the ability to walk without assistance)
cognition (mental function, including memory)
self-care (activities of daily living, including dressing, eating, bathing and use of the toilet)
pain (regular pain that limits function)
mood (alteration in mood that limits function)
sensory organ function (impairment in vision or hearing that impairs function)
Another measurement used by WHO is DALY. DALY stands for disability-adjusted life year. It is a population health status measure that incorporates measures of death and disability and allows for the measurement of the impact of categories of diseases and risk factors.
A measurement that is used in the US is called HRQOL. HRQOL stands for health-related quality of life. It is a health status measure that reflects the number of unhealthy days due to physical plus mental impairment.
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
3 types of effects that influence our perceptions of potential harms/benefits:
dread effect
unfamiliarity effect
uncontrollability effect
Decision analysis is the process that compares the outcomes of two or more interventions based on principles of expected utility.
Utility scale is a scale that goes from 0 to 1, used to measure the value or importance that an individual or a group places on a particular outcome.
Expected utility is the probability multiplied by the utility to produce a probability that takes into account the utility of the outcome.
A decision tree is used to display expected utilities. It is a graphic method that displays the benefits and harms of two or more options for intervention.
3 basic approaches to using health information to make healthcare decisions:
inform of decision
informed consent
shared decision-making
Since COVID, many people would argue that social media has either been an asset or liability source for public health.
3/4 of US adults use social media to be informed about health related issues.
SPHERE (Social media and Public Health Epidemic and REsponse) is the framework to guide the investigation and assessment of social media and public health.
Cons of Social Media:
serve as a medium through which risky behaviors are enabled and associated diseases transmitted
harnessed by industry to deliver targeted content and purchasing opportunities in the online market
Pros of Social Media:
generate public demand for transparency regarding the severity of an outbreak and mode of transmission
provide a platform for discourse about the balance between protecting health and preserving individual freedoms
applies pressure and motivate resource allocation in support of outbreak preparedness and a robust public health response
can start movements that develop a common cause and narrative to advocate and implement policies that combat public health problems