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Biology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - diamonds
      - graphite
    - - Carbohydrates, protein and fats
        
        made by plants
    - - Plants use co2 in the air for photosynthesis
        
        carbs from the plant are feed on by decomposers when the plant and animals are dead
        
        decomposers also respire
        
        causing co2 to go into the air
        
        all organisms respire
        
        carbs are from the plant are feed on by animals
        
        animals respire
        
        When organisms eat plants, they take in the carbon and some of it becomes part of their own bodies
        
        produces carbs
        
        The carbon is stored in the leaves, stem and root of the plant so it enters the food chain
        
        plants respire
        
        some of them are buried underground and turn into fossil fuels
        
        then the fossil fuels burn and release co2
        
        combustion
        
        e.g coal, charcoal, petroleum etc
        
        industrial revolution
    - - carbonates, hydrogen carbonates
- - - - fossil fuels
  - - - 1st Ice age
        
        After that we had warm periods and cold ones
        
        the cold ones were called ice ages
    - - Snowball Earth
        
        Slush Earth
        
        Earth was covered in snow completely
        
        continents may have moved
    - - 2 asteroids collided with another between Earth and Mars
        
        produced a lot of dust
        
        covered the sun
        
        so less light and heat reached Earth
        
        starting an ice age
        
        plants couldn't photosynthesise
    - - An asteroid collided with Earth
        
        people also found an area in mexico where the impact fell
        
        175 known impact craters
        
        A 1km wide and 170m deep crater in the USA formed 50,000 years ago
        
        mass extinction
        
        dinosaurs became extinct
        
        meteroids
        
        when they enter Earth they are called meteors
        
        shooting stars
        
        produce heat because of the friction against the atmosphere
        
        large ones make shockwaves
        
        2013 in Russia shattered windows
        
        meteorites
        
        500 reach Earth every year
- - - - Carbon dioxide and water
    - - glucose and oxygen
    - - Water + carbon dioxide -> Glucose + Oxygen
  - - - farmers add fertilizers when there aren't enough minerals in the soil
        
        magnesium
        
        needed to make chlorophyll
        
        without enough chlorophyll, the plant stays yellow as there is not enough chlorophyll to absorb sunlight
        
        so it can't photosynthesise as much
        
        nitrate
        
        needed to convert carbs to protein
        
        without enough protein, plants can't make enough new cells so they stay small
        
        they can test the soil to find out where there is a lack of nutrients OR they can use the GPS if they can afford it
  - - - a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants
  - - - As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases
    - - shows that oxygen is being produced during photosynthesis using a water plant
- - - - in the palisade and spongy layer in the leaf
        
        some other parts of the plant have chloroplasts but less than the leaves
        
        Testing a leaf for starch experiment
        
        or The iodine test for starch
        
        we boil the leaf to break the cell membranes apart, allowing the iodine to enter
        
        yellowish brown -> no starch
        blue-black -> starch
      - not all plant cells have chloroplasts so they can't photosynthesise