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Law & Justice - Coggle Diagram
Law & Justice
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DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
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Aristotle
a just state will distribute its wealth on basis of merit, giving to each according to their virtue + contribution to society
proportionate system where worthiest, rather than neediest, receive greatest share
Aquinas
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people receive what they're due in accordance with their merit, rank + need
Marx
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each will receive according to their need, irrespective of personal contribution they've made to production process
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UTILITARIANISM
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Bentham
the more an action increases overall happiness, the more valuable it is + the more it decreases happiness, the more reprehensible it is
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Mill
actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce reverse of happiness
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justice includes respect for people, for property + for rights as well as need for good faith + impartiality
act utilitarianism
rightness of an act judged in isolation to see whether it adds to or subtracts from sum of human happiness
rule utilitarianism
rightness of an action judged according to whether sum of human happiness would be increased if everyone acted in the same way
SOCIAL JUSTICE
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Rawls
presented hypothetical society where each member would distribute resources in disinterested manner, made possible by nobody knowing in advance what their position in that society would be nor what stage of society's development they'd be born into
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each person would have equal right to most extensive scheme of basic liberties compatible with similar scheme of liberties for others
social + economic inequalities may exist but only where they benefit least advantaged members of society + provided all offices + positions are open to everyone
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Nozick
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property justly acquired may not be appropriated simply as form of redistribution of wealth to reduce inequalities
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