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DIURETICS Picture1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Composed of several segments: the glomerulus, the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.
        
        Renal Corpuscle
        
        Bowman's Capsule: A cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus.
        
        Glomerulus: A cluster of capillaries where blood is filtered.
        
        Renal Tubule
        
        Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): The first part where water, nutrients, and ions are reabsorbed into the blood.
        
        Loop of Henle
        
        Descending Limb: Water is reabsorbed here.
        
        Ascending Limb: Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed.
        
        Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Regulates reabsorption of sodium, water, and calcium under hormonal control.
        
        Collecting Duct: Final section where water and ions are balanced before urine is sent to the bladder.
        
        How the Nephron Works?
        
        FILTRATION
        
        REABSORPTION
        
        SECRETION
        
        EXCRETION
        
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        Waste products, drugs, and excess ions are added to the filtrate in the tubules.
        
        Useful substances (e.g., water, glucose, ions) are absorbed back into the bloodstream in the PCT, Loop of Henle, and DCT.
        
        RENAL TUBULES
        
        Blood enters the glomerulus, and small molecules (like water, glucose, and salts) pass into Bowman's capsule, forming filtrate. Large molecules (e.g., proteins, red blood cells) stay in the blood.
        
        GLOMERULUS
- - - - Diuretics prevent sodium from being reabsorbed back into the blood.
        Normally, water follows sodium due to osmosis.
    - - When sodium stays in the tubules, water stays too, leading to more urine and less fluid in the body.
- - - - lowering intra-ocular pressure in glaucoma, eye surgery; epilepsy; formerly used as antihypertensive
  - - - Edema, renal failure, hypercalcemia
  - - - Prevention of renal stones (calcium oxalate), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus body’s ability to regulate fluid balance, characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large amounts of dilute urine
  - - - Treatment of heart failure
- - - - Thiazide and loop diuretics can cause hyperuricemia and lead to gout
        
        High thiazide doses can cause hyperlipidemia