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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Respiration and
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Cleavage
Steps 4-5
Six carbon molecules broken down in two 3 carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)
Energy liberation
Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate carbon molecules are broken down into two pyruvate molecules-produces 2 NADH & 4 ATP
Energy investment
Steps 1-3
Two ATP hydrolyzed to create fructose-1,6 biphosphate
Breakdown of Pyruvate
In eukaryotes pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix
Broken down by pyruvate dehydrogenase
Molecule of CO2 removed from each pyruvate
Remaining acetyl group attached to CoA to make acetyl CoA
Yield- 1 NADH for each pyruvate
Pyruvate travels through a channel in the outer membrane and through an H+/pyruvate symporter in the inner mitochondrial membrane to reach the matrix
Citric Acid cycle
Acetyl is removed from acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form citrate (aka citric acid)
Series of steps release 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle
Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the cycle again
Oxidative Phosphorylation
In the inner membrane of mitochondria
The use of oxygen to phosphorylate ADP to make ATP
NADH and FADH2 are reduced by membrane enzymes
H⁺ pushed to intermembrane space against concentration gradient
e⁻ of high energy transferred through protein complexes to reach the highest electronegative electron acceptor (O2). Very exergonic and spontaneous
Proton (H⁺) electrochemical gradient high potential energy flow passively back into matrix via ATP Synthase
Anaerobic respiration
Lack of oxygen deficiency
Use alternative e⁻ acceptor in ETC
Produce ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation