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Chapter 4: Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4: Respiratory System
Lower Respiratory System
Streptococcal Pneumonia
Sign and Symptoms
Fever
Chills
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Caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Virulence factors
Adhesins
Capsule
Pneumolysin
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Diagnosis
sputum smears
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Treatment
penicillin
vaccination
Primary Atypical (Mycoplasma) Pneumonia
Caused by
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Diagnosis
pleomorphic form
Treatment
erythromycin
doxycycline
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Treatment
antimicrobials + Rest +
Fever-reducing drugs
Legionnaires’ Disease
Sign and Symptoms
a dry non-productive cough
pleurisy (inflammation of the
pleurae)
gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, liver, and kidneys complications
Caused by
Legionella pneumophila
Virulence factor
Tolerates chlorine and heat
Diagnosis
fluorescent antibody
staining or serology
Treatment
Intravenous doxycycline
tigecycline
azithromycin
quinolone
Tuberculosis
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Caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Virulence factors
Cord factor
Diagnosis
Tuberculin skin test
Treatment
combination of drugs
Drug-resistant strains
BCG vaccine
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Caused by
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Treatment
oral or intravenous combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Diagnosis
chest X-ray
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Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Sign and Symptoms
beginning signs – slight cough, and mild fever
after one to two weeks - vomiting
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Caused by
Bordetella pertussis
Treatment
DTaP vaccine
Inhalation Anthrax
Caused by
Bacillus anthracis
Treatment
anthrax vaccine
Influenza
Caused by
Influenza Virus Type A and Type B
Treatment
Oseltamivir
zanamivir
Diagnosis
RT-PCR
rapid antigen test
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Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome
Caused by the
associated coronavirus (positive, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) helical viruses)
Treatment
Vaccine
Sign and Symptoms
shortness of breath
loss of taste and smell
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Caused by
RSV (genus Pneumovirus,
family Paramyxoviridae)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Caused by
Hantavirus
Treatment
fever reducing drugs
supplemental oxygen
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Coccidioidomycosis
Caused by
Coccidioides immitis
Blastomycosis
Flu like
Histoplasmosis
Caused by
Histoplasma capsulation
Upper Respiratory System
Diptheria
Caused by
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Virulence factor
diphtheria toxin
Diagnosis
presence of a pseudomembrane
form V-shapes and side by-side palisade arrangements
Treatment
antitoxin and antibiotics
Intramuscular penicillin
Immunization
Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases
Virulence Factor
M protein
hyaluronic acid
Streptokinases
C5a peptidase
Pyrogenic toxins
Streptolysins
Treatment
Oral penicillin
Oral erythromycin or another macrolide
Caused by
Group A Streptococci (S. pyogenes)
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Sign and Symptoms
Pharyngitis
Sore throat
fever
Rhinosinusitis and Otitis Media
Signs and symptoms
• Malaise accompanied by headache
• Inflamed nasal passages
• severe pain in the ears
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Caused by
various respiratory microbiota
Treatment
No known way to prevent rhinosinusitis
Otitis media - Omixicillin
Flushing nasal and sinus cavities with saline solution
Common Cold
Sign and Symptoms
Fever
Congestion
Malaise
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Treatment
Pleconaril
Antihistamines
Prevention
Hand antisepsis