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Peripheral Vascular Disorder: Hypertension - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Top number, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats
    - - Bottom number, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats
- - - - Neural factors-Both alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic
        receptors
- - - - Abruptly stopping an antihypertensive
        
        Stopping blood pressure medications suddenly can cause a rebound effect, making blood pressure spike unexpectedly and potentially lead to a crisis
      - Myocardial ischemia
        
        When the heart doesn't get enough blood due to high blood pressure, it can trigger stress responses in the body that raise blood pressure even more
      - Intracerebral hemorrhage
        
        High blood pressure can cause blood vessels in the brain to burst, leading to bleeding. This bleeding increases pressure in the brain and can rapidly raise blood pressure even further
      - Eclampsia
        
        In pregnant women, severe high blood pressure can lead to eclampsia, characterized by seizures. This condition represents a severe hypertensive crisis that needs immediate attention
      - Hypertensive encephalopathy
        
        Extremely high blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the brain, leading to swelling and increased pressure in the head, which can trigger a crisis
      - Phaeochromocytoma
        
        Rare tumor of the adrenal glands that results in excessive production of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), leading to symptoms of excessive adrenergic stimulation- hpt, tachycardia, palpitation - can cause acute hypertensive crises,
        especially during stress or certain medications
      - Abnormal renal function
        
        When kidneys don’t work well, they can’t remove excess fluid and salt, causing blood pressure to rise
      - Monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions
        
        Are a class of antidepressant medications that can have serious interactions with certain foods, medications, and other substances due to increased norepinephrine release
    - - Causes of hypertensive crisis
        
        Prolonged hypertension
        
        Inflammation and necrosis of arterioles
        
        Narrowing of blood vessels
        
        Restriction of blood flow to major organs
        
        Organ damage – Renal, cardiac & cerebral
    - - Clinical Manifestation
        
        Papilledema
        
        Blurred vision
        
        Confusion
        
        Restlessness
        
        Nausea and vomiting
        
        Neck stiffness
        
        Occipital headache radiating frontally
        
        Motor and sensory deficits
      - Risk Factors
        
        Young patients 30-50 years old
        
        Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia
        
        Patient with collagen and /or renal disease
        
        Sudden withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs