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Attachment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - METHOD - observed the beginnings of interactional synchrony in infants as young as two weeks old. An adult displayed one of three facial expressions or one of three distinctive gestures. The child’s response was filmed and identified by independent observers.
        
        FINDINGS - An association was found between the expression the adult had displayed and the actions of the baby.
- - - - They observed infants interactions with their caregivers (naturalistic observation). In addition, the caregivers were then interviewed about the infants’ behaviour (self report).
        
        Evidence for the development of an attachment was that the baby showed separation anxiety after a carer left and/ or stranger anxiety in response to unfamiliar adults.
        
        FINDINGS- Based on the information they gathered on developing attachments in this study, Schaffer and Emerson proposed that attachments developed in four stages.
- - - - CONCLUSION - Shows fathers do play a role in attachment
- - - - They found that 56% had secure attachments, 25% had insecure avoidant attachments and 19% had insecure resistant attachments.
        They found a strong positive correlation between attachment type and adult romantic relationship.
        Those who had a secure attachment were more likely to have good, long-lasting romantic experiences.
        Whereas, those with insecure avoidant attachments tended to be jealous and have fear of intimacy.
        Insecure resistant attachments tended to experience love as an obsession.
        
        FOUND A POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTACHMENT TYPE AND LATER LOVE EXPIERNCES - SUGGESTS INTERNAL WORKING MODEL IS REAL
- - - - At the time of the adoption the Romanian orphans were smaller, weighed less and were classified as mentally retarded (This term is still used in the literature for individuals with an IQ lower than 70).
        They found that some of those who were adopted after the age of six months had disinhibited attachment and had problems with peer relationships.
        Disinhibited attachment is defined by Rutter as ‘a pattern of attention-seeking, clingy behaviours with a relative lack of selectivity in social relationships’.
        Children are more likely to seek attention from all adults, even strangers and make inappropriate physical contact without checking back to the parent in a stressful situation.
    - - Found by Rutter, in children who were adopted after the age of 6 months. It is where children show clinginess and attention seeking behaviour. They do not care where this attention comes from, it could be a complete stranger. They often run to and hug strangers and suffer anxiety when they leave.