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Elif Şevval Savcı's MM, "The systematic and reflective process of…

- - - - The quantifiable skills, abilities, knowledge, or values that students should be able to exhibit after finishing a course are referred to as learning outcomes. Because they outline what the students will do rather than what the teacher will teach, they are student-centered rather than teacher-centered.
        
        Successful lesson planning helps students achieve their learning objectives in a number of ways. An effective lesson plan:
        
        aids educators and learners in comprehending the objectives of a lesson plan.
        
        enables the instructor to convert the curriculum into educational exercises.
        
        aligns the assessment with the learning objective and the teaching materials.
        
        helps guarantee the availability of the necessary teaching resources
        
        allows the instructor to carefully attend to each student's unique learning needs.
        
        WHY ARE LOs IMPORTANT FOR PLANNING INSTRUCTION?
        
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        https://youtu.be/d0PozpAmYsY?si=2pAh7JksqUNryDF2
- - - - When creating different learning exercises, instructional designers might base their work on a variety of ID models. The following are the five most popular and extensively utilized models for instructional design:
        
        Bloom’s Taxonomy: Bloom’s Taxonomy is “a hierarchical ordering of cognitive skills that can help teachers teach and students learn.” Bloom’s Taxonomy has six levels: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create.
        
        ADDIE Model: Arguably the most important instructional design model, ADDIE — analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation — is used as a process guide when developing effective training tools.
        
        Iterative Design: Iterative design calls for “incrementally developing and refining a design based on feedback and evaluation.” Additional instructional design models have been spun out of iterative design including Rapid Prototyping and the Spiral Model.
        
        SAM Model: SAM is short for Successive Approximation Model, and is a simplified version of the ADDIE Model. Where the SAM Model differs is that feedback is collected earlier so designers can build working models earlier in the process. Where ADDIE processes are quite linear, SAM is a recursive process.
        
        Learning Circle Framework: TheLearning Circle Framework is an instructional design model that works in three phases: target, create and launch.
- - - - 2) State Objects: Finding out what students should be able to do after finishing the course materials is the second step. The SMART technique can be used to develop goals, which means they should be time-bound, relevant, quantifiable, achievable, and specified. This implies that you should be able to predict exactly what information and abilities the students will pick up during a certain time frame.
      - 3) Select Method: Choose the teaching strategies you'll employ to impart the knowledge. For instance, lectures, presentations, and other demonstrations are excellent choices if your sessions are more instructor-led. However, if they are more learner-centered, you should use group activities and discussions. After you've determined that, you need to decide which technology will support your teaching style.
      - 4) Utilize Media and Materials: Planning how to apply the strategies you selected in the previous phase is now necessary. More precisely, you should prepare them appropriately and check that the technology and other media will function properly throughout your classes. Additionally, the classroom needs to be set up. Finally, explain the entire procedure to the students, including the content, goals, and kind of assessment.
      - 5) Require Learner Participation: Decide how you will actively include your students in the learning process. You may, for example, make participation in class discussions mandatory or urge them to lead the course by posing queries or offering ideas for additional research. Additionally, you should think about how they will absorb the material.
      - 6) Evaluate and Revise: This last step requires you to assess the effectiveness of your content and, if required, make changes. Examine the media, technology, and educational methods you employed, as well as the way you put them into practice. Additionally, you should assess whether the lessons and students achieved your goals and whether the entire experience was tailored to each person's needs. In order to support your analysis in this step, it is crucial that you get feedback from your students. You can ask them to complete surveys about their own goals, how the class has affected them, and whether they are happy with the experience. Finally, provide them with comments based on their performance and the outcomes of their evaluations.