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Eastern frontier of EU settlement Unit 1&2 - Coggle Diagram
Eastern frontier of EU settlement Unit 1&2
Frontier Wars
They would need a large army to force the Xhosa out.
100 years from 1779 to 1879, there were 9 frontier wars.
British realised the Xhosa were too powerful.
Xhosa, under a series of chiefs, fought fiercely to defend their land.
British wanted to force the Xhosa to leave the fertile Zuurveld.
In the end dispossessed of land by the weapons of the British.
Only a few families of white settlers.
6th Frontier War (1834-1836): a great shock to all the frontier colonists.
More than 8 000 Xhosa-speaking farmers living in the Zuurveld.
Twenty whites and eighty Khoikhoi were killed.
455 homesteads were burned down.
Thousands of horses, cattle and sheep were carried off.
Chief Maqoma wore Blue Crane feathers: soldier who killed his enemy.
Chief Maqoma and his soldiers defeated the British in this battle.
Timeline
Britain take over Cape (1806-1910)
4th Frontier War (1811-1812)
Britain left the Cape, Dutch make peace with Xhosa (1803)
5th Frontier War (1818-1819)
3rd Frontier War (1799-1803)
6th Frontier War (1834-1836)
Britain took over Cape, 1st time (1795)
7th Frontier War (1846-1847)
2nd Frontier War (1789-1793)
8th Frontier War (1850-1853)
1st Frontier War (1779-1781)
9th Frontier War (1877-1889)
Soldiers & Officials
Chief Military Officer was in charge of the army and the soldiers.
Army in the Cape Colony had different groups of soldiers, called regiments.
Most important official: The Governor, who reported to government in Britain.
Regiments: from Britain, British colonists, Khoikhoi soldiers and farmer-settlers who were part-time soldiers.
British took over the Cape, brought soldiers & officials to govern the colony.
Khoikhoi soldiers
Some Khoikhoi did join the army, but others were reluctant to enlist.
David Stuurman was a Khoikhoi leader on the Eastern frontier.
Enlisting Khoikhoi regiment would control Khoikhoi people & strengthen army over trekboers.
Led a group of Khoikhoi on frontier in Cape colonial territory.
Recruited young Khoikhoi men into military service.
He sheltered: Runaway slaves & Khoikhoi refused register & Refused do military service.
British colonial government laws control freedom of movement of Khoikhoi Cape Colony.
1823: British exiled David Stuurman to Australia, hoped it stop Khoikhoi resistance.
British control eastern frontier, weakly administered for a long period.