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Robots and Digital Electronics - Coggle Diagram
Robots and Digital Electronics
Functions of robotic arms
The most important uses of robots are in the industrial sector, where they help do costly, dangerous, difficult or high-precision tasks. Robots designed to manipulate tools or parts without direct contact are called robot manipulators or
robotic drills.
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Types of machine systems
Examples
Mechanical systems. Instead of doing a task manually, the user controls a machine that does it for them. Machines don't just make the work easier, they also reduce the number of workers required to do a job. For example, instead of needing several workers with pickaxes to make a hole, one worker can do the job alone using a pneumatic drill.
Automated machines work without human intervention. The operator merely supervises the system. For example, instead of having a person opening and closing the barrier at the entrance to a car park, an automated system detects an approaching car, raises the barrier, waits for a period of time, then lowers the barrier.
Robotic systems. These systems replace humans in intellectual as well as manual tasks, in that they analyse their surroundings and decide what actions to take to achieve the objective for which they are designed. For example, a home air conditioning and heating system continuously monitors the temperature in the house, turning the heating or air conditioning on when necessary to keep the temperature at a set level.
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What is a robot?
The word robot comes from the Czech robota, meaning "forced labour". A robot is an electromechanical system that can carry out tasks automatically based on the information it receives from its surroundings.
Components of a robot
All robots consist of three basic components:
Actuators. These devices generate the robot's output. They convert electrical energy into another type of energy, like motion, light or sound.
Sensors. These interpret information from the robot itself or its surroundings, sending data to the control system for analysis. The robot then acts accord-ingly.
Control system: This is an electronic system programmed to perfom a task. It is the robot's "brain", deciding what the machine should do based on the information it collects from its surroundings. It is usually a controller board
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What are digital and analog systems?
Digital systems work with discrete variables that can only take on certain values from a finite set. For example, a light can only be on or off.
Analogue systems, on the other hand, can work with continuous variables with an infinite number of values. Physical variables like temperature and light are analogue and can take on any value.
Basics of Boolean algebra and logical functions
In the late 19th century, English mathematician George Boole created a set of mathematical rules defining properties and operations over two sets. These sets can be expressed in different ways, like true/false, full/empty or one/zero, but they represent the same things.
Logical functions or operations for two bits:
Operations must follow a set order or precedence: negation, multiplication and addition.
The most important properties in Boolean algebra are the same as those in standard algebra: commutative, associative and distributive, for both addition and multiplication.
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