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CARDIAC FAILURE - Coggle Diagram
CARDIAC FAILURE
Definition
a complex clinical syndrome in which there is structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling and/or ejection of blood.
Clinical presentation
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possible respiratory symptoms
(dyspnea, orthopnea, PND)
Pathophysiology
Compensatory mechanisms: sympathetic nervous system stimulation, RAAS activation, natriuretic peptides.
progression: cardiac remodeling over time, impaired ejection fraction or filling.
stress: CAD, hypertension, increased workload on the heart, etc
symptoms and complications: congestion (in lung, liver), edema.
Investigations
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Lab studies: CBC, BMP, BNP, HBA1c, liver panel, TSH, iron, cardiac troponin T/I
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Treatment
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management of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, iron deficiency, etc
Non pharma interventions: exercise, weight loss (if obese), diet adjustments (less salt), cessation of smoking & alcohol & recreational drugs.
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