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Cardiovascular System, Heart Failure - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Vasodilator and Vasoconstrictor
        
        To Regulate
        
        Blood Pressure
        
        Long-term
        
        Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
        
        Anti-diuretic hormone
        
        Anti-naturetic peptide
        
        Intermediate -Term
        
        Stress- Relaxation Mechanism
        
        Renin-angiotensin (vasoconstrictor) Mechanism
        
        Capillary fluid shift
        
        Short- Term
        
        Baroreceptors
        
        Chemoreceptors
        
        CNS ischemic mechanism
        
        Lack of regulation
        
        Hypertension
        
        Hypotension
        
        Blood Flow
        
        Acute
        
        Metabolic Requirements
        
        Vasodilator theory
        
        Oxygen demand theory
        
        Nutrient lack theory
        
        Autoregulation
        
        Metabolic theory
        
        Myogenic theory
        
        Long-term
        
        3 more items...
    - - Structure
        
        Thin walls
        
        Pores and intercellular clefts
        
        Variable density and permeability
      - Exchange mechanism
        
        Diffusion
        
        Vesicular Transport
        
        Filtration and resorption
        
        Starling forces
        
        Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc)
        
        Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (Cif)
        
        Plasma (capillary) colloid osmotic poressure (Cp)
        
        Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pif)
        
        Net filtration pressure
        
        NFP= (Pc-Pif)- (Cp-Cif)
        
        Positive= Net filtration
        
        Negative= Net reabsorption
        
        Capillary filtration coefficient (Kf)
        
        NFPx Kf
        
        Edema
        
        Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
        
        decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
        
        Increased capillary permeability
        
        Impaired lymphatic drainage
    - - Vascular distensibility = increase in volume / increase in pressure x original volume
  - - - Tricuspid
        Pulmonary
        Mitral
        Aortic
      - S4 low pitched before S1 (indicate stiff ventricles)
      - S2 "dub" sound by aortic/pulm valves
      - S1 normal "lub" sound by AV valves
      - S3 low pitched heard after S2 (indicate heart failure)
    - - Cardiac muscles
        
        intercalated discs
        
        Gap junction
        
        Branched cells
        
        Fatigue resistant
        
        single nucleus
        
        Syncitium
        
        Involuntary Control
        
        Pace-maker cells
- - - - Treatment:
        CABG
        Angioplasty
  - - - Indirect
      - Direct