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Physical Processes of the Ocean - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The shelf slopes down to the rise, sometimes there's a submarine canyon on the slope where water flows straight to the bottom of the sea floor
      - Continental slope at 4 degree angle
    - - around 5km there's seamounts, submarine volcanos, guyot, deep-sea trench (starts at 5km and then goes deeper), abyssal plain and abyssal hills
    - - Mid ocean ridge
  - - - Biosphere = organic land stuff
      - Atmosphere = gas
      - Hydrosphere = free water like lakes etc
    - - Asthenosphere - mantle, plastic
      - Lithosphere - crust, upper mantle, brittle
      - Mesosphere - below 350km, more rigid
- - - - • salt ions
      - • dissolved metals
      - • nutrients
      - • gases
      - • organic compounds
    - - sea spray
      - evaporite formation
      - adsorption onto particles
      - incorporation by organisms
      - harvesting by organisms
      - formation of insoluble products by ion - ion interactions
  - - - Since the range of densities in the ocean is rather small, often the density value is shortened and is expressed as sigma-t or σt. Sigma-t is calculated as: (density – 1) x 1000. T-S diagram shows lines of equal density, or isopycnic lines
- - - - Vegetation stabilises dunes, without them sand could be blow away
      - Formed from wind blown sand to make a primary dune ridge, a secondary dune ridge and foredunes
  - - - geometry
      - rate of freshwater input
      - strength of tidal flows
- - - - The moons gravity pulls the ocean towards the moon so forces F1 (most force pull to moon), F2 and F3 (least force pull to moon) move to the moon, on the side opposite the moon it also pulls due to the force of F2 countering the other forces so there's two high tides on each side (both aligned with the tide stretching body - the moon), this stretches the Earth (deformation) but not too much as the Earth resists it due it it being solid and unstretchy
  - - - The Spring Neap cycle is the cycle of tidal variations that happen in a fortnight (2 weeks)
      - Spring tides
        
        Tidal bulges add together resulting in higher high water and lower low water which increases tidal range
        
        Earth, Sun and Moon make straight line in space (syzygy). There's a new moon or full moon
      - Neap tides
        
        Sun, Earth and Moon make a right angle in space (quadrature). The moon is in its first or third quarter
        
        Tidal bulges work in opposition so lower high water and higher low water resulting in a lower tidal range
      - Cycle of moon is: First Quarter (Neap) -> Full Moon (Spring) -> Third/ Last Quarter (Neap) -> New Moon (Spring)