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Arab Media lit review - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Another valuable strength of the article is that the factors they use to assess the infleunces on views opinions generally align with the theory.
        
        The article looked at three different political identities that eople in the Arab world may hold: Arab natioanist, Islamic nationalist and state nationalism (Nisbet and Mayers, 2011).
        
        These catagories largely fit the general political classifications of people within the region. Scholars support the existence of both interegional and national political identies (Arab and state natioanlism) and the importance of Islamic politics in political movements (Shabnam and Holliday, 2016, pp6-11).
        
        These political identites are not purely theortical, but are made more valuable because of their appereince in popular political movements durring the Arab Spring protests (Shabnam and Holliday, 2016). That these identities have been proven to be real and meaningful for people within the region strengths their legitmacy in the study, because they have a meaningful impact on people.
    - - One of the major strengths of th article is that its research supports much of the acedmic enviroment already, helping provide a foundation of legitmacy.
        
        The core arguements for the article is that the formation of anti-American opinion is complicated and infleunced by mutlitple factors including politics, exposure to the news and the channels you watch (Nisbet and Mayers, 2011).
        
        The importance of other factors is supported by research by Nisbet et.al. (2004) which outlinned both the infleunce of the channel that was watched as well as the amount of time spent watching and political identity.
        
        Both agree that political ideology creates a filtering screen through which we process any infomation we get and importantly infomation we recieve from the news (Nisbet et al, 2004 and Nisbet and Mayers, 2011).
        
        Lots of research agrees and backs up the claim that, even if there are other infleunces, the watching of Al-Jazeera will increase anti-American sentiment.
        
        Research by Zayani and Ayish in the article Arab Satellite Television and Crisis Reporting: Covering the Fall of Baghdad found that coverage of the Iraq war was more sympthetic towards the colaition on Al-Arabiyya, whilist Al-Jazeera appered more doubtful and questioning of the US (2006, pp484-487).
        
        This would go further to support the orginal articles claim that despite other factors Al-Jazeera would, in general, tilt views to a more anti-American position then Al-Arabiyya would.
  - - - The article itself solely focuses on the channels Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiyya (Nisbet and Mayers, 2011) and ignores all other sources of media.
        
        This heavy focus on the two channels creates two blindspots:
        
        First it ignores other TV news broadcasts that across the region make up a substanial ammount of the viewing; in Lebanon, the UAE, Tunisia and Egypt 'other' TV news sources are placed as more popular then Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya (Northwestern University in Qatar, 2017, a).
        
        The second, is that this focus on TV means an ignoring of more popular news sources then the two major channals. In particiualr it ignores the most popular news sources for people across the entire region, radios as well as major news sources such as the newspapers and social media (Northwestern University Qatar, 2017, b).
        
        Together this contuines the literatures general over focus on two transnational media channels largely at the expense of both other channels and other sources of news.
        
        Ignoring these news sources will provide only a limitted knowledge of the medias impact on public opinion as many consumers simply won't be reached and many that are reached will only have part of the infleunces on them explored.
- - - - However, it found that exposure to news and the political identifcation of viewers was also a key factor in deciding their views of America regardless of what channel they watched (Nisbet and Mayers 2011).