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DD of repeated vomitting (AI) - Coggle Diagram
DD of repeated vomitting
(AI)
Gastrointestinal System
Obstructive Causes:
Acute Intestinal Obstruction:
Mechanisms: Adhesions, hernias, tumors.
Presentation: Crampy abdominal pain, distension, inability to pass stool or gas.
Volvulus:
Mechanism: Twisting of the bowel leading to obstruction.
Presentation: Abdominal pain, distension, and bilious vomiting.
Intussusception:
Mechanism: A segment of bowel telescopes into an adjacent segment.
Presentation: Severe abdominal pain, “currant jelly” stools in children.
Inflammatory Causes:
Appendicitis:
Mechanism: Inflammation of the appendix.
Presentation: Right lower quadrant pain, fever, and vomiting.
Pancreatitis:
Mechanism: Inflammation of the pancreas, often due to gallstones or alcohol.
Presentation: Severe epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Perforation:
Peptic Ulcer Perforation:
Mechanism: Erosion of the ulcer through the gastric or duodenal wall.
Presentation: Sudden severe abdominal pain, peritonitis, and vomiting.
Endocrine/Metabolic System
Adrenal Insufficiency:
Presentation: Fatigue, weight loss, electrolyte imbalances, vomiting due to adrenal crisis.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA):
Mechanism: Insufficient insulin leading to ketone production.
Presentation: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status.
Hypercalcemia: Elevated calcium levels causing nausea and vomiting.
Neurological System
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP):
Brain Tumors or Hemorrhage:
Mechanism: Mass effect leads to obstruction of CSF flow.
Presentation: Morning headaches, vomiting, changes in vision.
Vestibular Disorders:
Vestibular Neuritis:
Mechanism: Inflammation of the vestibular nerve.
Presentation: Acute onset of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
Migraine: Severe headaches often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Cardiovascular System
Myocardial Infarction:
Mechanism: Ischemia leading to autonomic dysfunction and nausea.
Presentation: Chest pain, dyspnea, sweating, and vomiting, especially in females.
Aortic Dissection:
Mechanism: Tear in the aorta leading to severe pain and potential visceral ischemia.
Presentation: Sudden severe chest or back pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Urogenital System
Renal Colic:
Mechanism: Ureteral obstruction by kidney stones.
Presentation: Severe flank pain, hematuria, nausea, and vomiting.
Ectopic Pregnancy:
Mechanism: Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity.
Presentation: Abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and vomiting.
Hematologic Causes
Anemia: Can lead to nausea due to reduced oxygenation.
Uremia: Renal failure can result in metabolic changes causing vomiting