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ALCOHOLS, ELECTRONEGATIVITY, Wine making - Coggle Diagram
ALCOHOLS
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Nomenclature
IUPAC
Derived from the corresponding hydrocarbon by replacing the last vowel with the suffix -olo. Basic structure = Longest chain of carbon atoms containing the group - OH. Numbering of the chain = the lowest possible number to the carbon that binds the hydroxyl
COMMON USE COMPOUNDS
ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol etc.
Physical properties
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Soluble in water
The hydrogen bonds also explain the complete miscibility of the first three terms of the series of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) with water (as the number of C increases, the solubility decreases).
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Making alcohols
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ETHANOL
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PRODUCED IN 2 WAYS
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FERMENTATION
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION, glucose broken down to carbon dioxide with the release of energy, but without the involvement of oxygen
The glucose is not completely broken down to CO2 and H2O but to CO2 and alcohol (ethanol).
Browing
Yeast added to a solution of a sugary product (malt) and fermentation begins, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY
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IONIC VS COVALENT BOND
difference in electronegativity > 1.9= prevalence of a ionic bond. lower values of electronegativity difference = more or less polar covalent bonds
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