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Cross-Cultural Communications - Coggle Diagram
Cross-Cultural Communications
Non-Verbal (Johnson, 75)
Monochronic-noncontact cultures (78)
Distant
Cold
Slave to time
Polychronic-Contact (78)
Emotional
Unreliable
Pushy
Function (Fontes, 81-110)
Presenting Personality
Leaning in
Leaning away
Clothing
Tattoos/Piercings
Converying Attitude
Gait
Attentiveness
Posture
Smiling/Laughing
Supplementing speech
Gestures mean different things in different cultures (84-85)
Touch
Eyes
Expressing Emotions
Pain
Distress
What is appropiate
Disagreements.Agreements
Managing rituals
greeting
Kiss
Hugs
Facial/Smile/Nod
Hands
leave taking
Cues
ending conversation
Length
Challenges (Johnson, 67)
Non-verbal patterns
Language
Misunderstandings/Inaccurate reading of cues (Fontes, 82)
Physical appearances
Customs and Rituals
Theories of communication
Accepted modes
Notions of status and authority
Belief systems
Concetp of acceptable and unacceptable behavior
Conventions of meeting and greeting
Gender Expectations
Preconceived attitudes towards the other's culture or race
Bridge (Johnson, 69)
External
Physical Environment
Expected Roles
Internal
Value systems
Worldviews
Cultural
Sacred Myths
what we pay attention to
what we ignore
Spiritual
Social
Elements (Johnson, 68)
Folklore
History
Art forms
Language
Manners
Customs
Role Expectations
Way of ordering priorities
Patterns of relationships
Approaches to carrying out tasks
Work and learning styles
Attitudes toward planning
Conventions about commitments
Negotatiation styles
Ways of establishing rapport
Attitudes toward authority
High Context (Johnson, 74)
Long established tradition
Collectivist
Authority that maintain tradition
Non Western
Speak obliquely
Indirect
Maintaining relationship and risk misunderstanding includes mediation, refraction, metaphors and hints (Rosinski, 153,160)
Indirect
Non-Confrontational
Save Face
Remain Status Quo
Run/Withdraw
Ambiguous
Relay on implicity (Rosinski, 153)
Appreciates Gestures (Rosinksi, 153)
Find contracts frustrating even insulting (Rosinski, 157)
Implicit with instructions
Low Context (Johnson, 74)
Individualistic
no great distinction between outsiders and insiders
Western
apply universal rule
no great distinction between outsiders and inseiders
inclusive
Internal Cultural context
more open
paradox they exclude
Direct
Gets to the point even at risk of relationship, straightfoward and this is confused with honesty(Rosinksi, 153,160)
straightforward
Take Charge
Move quickly
Push/Expose
Judgmental
Rely on explicit (Rosinksi, 153)
Appreciates Contracts (Rosinski, 157)
Explicit in instructions
Jesus Culture (Johnson, 79)
Broke taboos
touched the untouchable
drank from the forbidden
Step cautiously but courageously
leverage both high and low context; have the main point then break into small groups to discuss and plan the main point.
leverage direct and indirect sensitive while being firm in content (Rosinski, 163)
Leverage Affective and Neutral by having a cool head and warm heart ( Rosinski, 166)
leverage Informal and formal by respecting the etiquette and majoring in the ethics (Rosinski, 172)
Start with where they are, not own agenda. Find common ground
Coaching vs. Influencing
Modes of Thinking (Rosinski, 177)
Deductive/Inductive
Deductive starts with the theory while Inductive starts with analysis of data. Irrelevance is the risk of deduction and simplism is induction's danger (Rosinski, 178-179)
To leverage dance between the theory and reality
Analytical/Systemic
Making short term decision not working with big vision, The whole and the part are not connected or working cohesively at a team (Rosinski, 184)
Think differently about this issue at hand. Short term decisions and big picture visions shared in congruency will help leverage the two thinking.