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Reading 15: The Design of Processes - Coggle Diagram
Reading 15: The Design of Processes
A STEP-BASED APPROACH TO PROCESS DESIGN
a series of logical steps that address a specific question about the organisation and its processes
step 1: understanding the design factors
step 2: process choice
step 3: layout choice
step 4: detailed design
STEP 1: UNDERSTANDING THE DESIGN FACTORS
variety
variation (in demand)
volume
visibility
Slack et al. (2010) identified four 'V's that influence operations design...
STEP 2: PROCESS CHOICE
based on the idea that volume and variety drive the configuration of any operation
the main types of manufacturing process are...
batch processes
is a high portion of manufacturing
mass processes
almost all high-volume consumer goods are produced in mass processes
jobbing processes
low volumes of output but the output if tailored to meet exact needs of customer
continuous processes
highly automated processes that operate 24hrs a day
project process
produce one-off, unique outputs
the main types of service operations are...
service shops
inherent variability in what the customer wants from the service experience
mass services
high volumes with as little delay as possible
professional services
low volumes of output that is highly customised - e.g., architects
STEP 3: LAYOUT CHOICE
functional layoutp
product layout
fixed layout position
hybrid layout
functional and cell layouts - medium levels of volume and variety
higher volume of outputs - product layouts
jobbing, batch and service shop processes - functional layouts
mass processes - product layouts
STEP 4: DETAILED PROCESS DESIGN
must understand the key objectives you are trying to achieve
must understand the difference between cost-focused and revenue-focused layouts
sometimes the layout is designed instead to encourage more spending by the customer rather than minimising costs
is it easy for people to find their way around the process?
is the whole space efficiently used?
will the design be able to be changed if necessary?
MASS CUSTOMISATION
you can produce goods and services with high variety but not in high volume
