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Ch.14 + Diez Roux article - Coggle Diagram
Ch.14 + Diez Roux article
System thinking is an approach that examines multiple influences on the development of an outcome/outcomes and attempts to bring them together in a coherent whole.
Community Health Assessment and Health Improvement Plans (CHA and HIPs) is an approach using systems thinking that brings together public health, health care and community members to improve health of local communities.
One Health aims to apply system thinking approaches to complex health issues. It looks at the relationships between human health, animal health and ecosystem health.
Reductionist thinking is an approach to problem solving that looks at each of the components of a problem one at a time.
It is used for figuring out causes of disease. For example the use of aspirin can lead to Reye's syndrome.
A system is refered to as an interacting group of items forming a unified whole.
Characteristics of a system:
series of interconnected parts that function as a whole
changes if you take away or add pieces
the arrangement of the pieces is crucial
the parts are connected to each other and work together
behavior depends on its overall structure
Systems analysis is a variety of methods that operationalize the investigation of systems.
Steps in a systems analysis:
Step 1: Identify the key influences or interventions on an outcome such as disease or the outcome of disease
Step 2: Indicate the relative strength of the impact of each of the influences or interventions
Step 3: Identify how these influences or interventions interact or work together when more than one is present
Step 4: Identify the dynamics changes that may occur in a system by identifying the feedback loops that occur in the system
Step 5: Identify bottlenecks that greatly limit the effectiveness of the system
Step 6: Identify leverage points that provide opportunities to greatly improve outcomes
Feedback loops as it pertains to systems analysis, is the impact of changes in one influence or factor on other influences or factors in a positive or negative direction.
It can give rise to nonlinear effects, effects distant in space and time, unanticipated effects, large effects of small changes in initial conditions and outcomes that are strongly dependent on the history and order of past events.
System diagram is a graphic means of displaying the way we understand systems to be structured and or to function.
Complex systems include heterogeneous agents at various levels, contact structures between agents, adaptation, nonlinear dynamics and stochasticity.
Influences are factors or determinants that interact with each other to bring about outcomes, such as disease or the results of disease.
Bottlenecks are factors that limit the effectiveness of systems.
Leverage points are points or locations in a system at which interventions can have substantial impacts.
Syndrome is a pattern of risk factors or symptoms that tend to occur together.
Syndemic is the occurrence together of two or more diseases that interact to magnify the occurrence and or overall burden of disease.
Zoonotic disease is a disease that exists in animals but can be transmitted to humans.
RNA virus is a virus that has ribonucleic acid as its genetic material.
3 characteristic of population health that suit complex system approaches:
the presence of dependencies between individuals
the presence of influential positive or negative feedback loops
the presence of macro-level patterns that emerge from interplay of factors at different levels of organization.
Genes are likely to play a role in health disparities. However, the methods used to prove so are limited.
Cole's theory is a theory that states that environmental conditions affect gene expression, triggering sets of neuroendocrine response, which, in turn, affect biological structure and function.