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Systems thinking: from single solutions to one health - Coggle Diagram
Systems thinking: from single solutions to one health
Systems vs. reductionists thinking
reductionist thinking is one factor or variable at a time while systems thinking is interconnected factors
systems thinking utilizes data derived from reductionist thinking to identify key factors and put weight on those factors indicating their relative importance
system thinking goes beyond reductionist thinking to look at multiple factors that cause disease and disease outcomes and the interactions between these factors
reductions thinking has been very useful for establishing specific factors as contributory causes of disease
What is a system?
interacting group of items forming a unified whole
a system changes if you take away or add pieces
in a system the arrangement of the pieces is crucial
the behavior of a system depends on its overall structure
initial steps in a system
1: identify key influences or interventions on an outcome such as disease or the outcome of disease
2: indicate the relative strength of the impact of each of the influences or interventions
3: identify how these influences or interventions interact or work together when more than one is present
4: identify the dynamic changes that may occur in a system by identifying the feedback loops that occur in the system
5: identify bottlenecks that greatly limit the effectiveness of the system
6: identify leverage points that provide opportunities to greatly improve outcomes
What all can systems thinking do?
help us incorporate interactions between factors to better understand the etiology or disease: understanding the interactions between factors, influences, or determinants has become central to population health
help take into account the interactions between diseases: the classic connection between diseases, the fundamental observation led to the concept and term vaccination. it has also established there can be relations between diseases
help identify bottlenecks and leverage points that can be used to improve population health: looking at the dynamics of systems helps us to identify two types of points that benefit from special attention, a bottleneck is where events are slowed down meaning a success in intervention, and a leverage point are points in systems at which successful interventions produce better than expected outcomes
help us develop strategies for multiple simultaneous interventions: new approaches often combine primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions
help us look at processes as a whole to better plan interventions: efforts to see entire processes rather than pieces of the pie have become incorporated into food safety strategies in recent years
Factors that impact health and disease
human population changes
microbiological changes
ecosystem changes