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global geographical issues- development dynamics - Coggle Diagram
global geographical issues- development dynamics
measuring development
3 types of country development
developing
developed
emerging
different ways to define development
economic
social
political
different measures of development
GDP per capita
HDI
measures of inequality
political corruption
global inequality
rostows
5 stages
take off
industrialisation, more investment, technological innovation
drive to maturity
economy diversifies, more sectors develop, sustained growth in income
pre take off
beginning of infrastructure, factories becoming more common
high mass consumption
economy shifts to consumer goods and services, high levels of consumption and a focus on welfare
traditional life
agricultural society, rural
franks dependency theory
core distributed goods for high prices and buys resources
periphery buys goods and sells resources
semi-periphery buys goods and sells resources
how can these explain why countries develop
franks theory states that countries remain underdeveloped due to others exploitative relationships
rostows theory outlines a linear process where countries progress through 5 stages of development
approaches to development
globalisation- the increasing interconnectedness of the globe, this increases due to technological advancements
TNCs - trans national corporation
more developed countries may benefit more from this as it is easier to manufacture products in countries with cheaper labour
top down- government owned projects, expensive, large scale, solve big issues
bottom- up, community owned projects, cheaper, smaller scale, solve smaller issues
Ngo- non government organziation, charity
IGO- intergovernmental organziation, large establishments, e.g. UN
India case study
india is located in Asia, on the southern coast, bordering Pakistan, southern hemisphere
Coast, easier to develop, trade is easier, can be done with more countries than just neighbours, do not have to spend large sums on transporting goods to sell
rapidly growing economy
leading to increasing FDI
Navi Mumbai
more available housing
cleaner environment
better transports
better quality of life
Top down schemes
Navi mumbai monorail
solution to transport problems, too expensive so slightly underused
gorai garbage site
filled massive hole with rubbish, made a park on it, very effective, dealt with problems
bottom up schemes
microfinance
provides loans, to slum residents to help them escape poverty, success, high interest rates
sparc toilets
need to build more toilets, cheap, successful,
class divide in Mumbai