Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cold War - Coggle Diagram
Cold War
USA
Truman Doctrine - March 1947
- protect democracy and freedom
- antagonise communists
- CONTAINMENT
Marshall Plan
- Economic aid to over 16 countries
- $13.5bn over 5 years
- restore strength to European Nations
Consequences on East+ West relations :
- End of Soviet attempt to coop with US
- September 1947 > Cominform
- Zhdanov Doctrine
Western Bloc
- Brussels Pact and Establishment of Western Europe
- Marshall aid
- Berlin Blockade
- Creation of NATO
- Creation of FRG and GDTR
NATO
- created April 1949
- mutual defence alliance
- complimented containment
US policies in Japan :
- Reverse course > join world organisations
- Economic Stability > US control over trade and budget
Importance of Japan :
- globalisation of containment
- Sino Soviet alliance 1950 > geostrategic importance due to China communist
NSC - 68 :
- military emphasis on Containment
- USSR Atomic bomb > September 1949
US tactics in Vietnam :
- Bombing - destroy economy (failed)
- Undermine jungle tactics
- Ranch Hand - approved in 1962
- Agent Orange & Blue
- Search and Destroy
US weakness in Vietnam :
- South Vietnam largely uncommitted
- Large press coverage in US
- Anti-war movement in US
North Vietnam Tactics :
- Peasant support
- Guerrilla tactics
- Ho Chi Minh trails
North Vietnam weakness :
- Dependency on USSR and China
- No guaranteed South Vietnam support
- Economy would not last a prolonged war
Vietnamisation :
- Nixon
- Withdrawal of US, replacement with SV
- June 1969, 543,000 troops
- June 1972, 47,000 troops
Impact of Vietnamisation :
- Preserve stability of SV
- Spring Offensive, ARVN resisted and 8000 casaulties
- US still bombing
- ARVN low morale
- High casualty rate
- Corrupt Government
- Reliance on US
- High desertion rate
US relations with China :
- Sino Soviet split in 1960's
- 1969 US removed some trade controls an travel restrictions
- China recognised that USSR was greater threat
- 1971 Kissinger visited Beijing
Paris Peace Talks 1968-70 :
- May 1968 reached a stalemate by October
- February 1970 Kissinger met with Luc De Tho > armistice must include replacement of Saigon Government with Vietcong government > Unrealistic for US
Tet Offensive JAN - FEB 1968 :
- Vietcong attacks over 100 SV location
- Military defeat for VC - not much for SV support lost 25,000
- Turning point for US
- Conflict of a stalemate
- No alternative but escalation
- US physiological defeat
Missile Crisis :
- 1963 hotline
- restriction needed on arms race
Conferences
YALTA
4th - 11th February 1945 :
- division of Germany
- UN ratified
- USSR and Polish Land
- Declaration of Liberated Europe
POTSDAM
17th July - 11th August 1945 :
- Denazification
- Free speech , press, religion tolerance
- Decentralisation of political system
- Repatriation to US
PARIS NEGOTIATIONS
- July 1947
- Plans for Marshall Aid
- Soviets wanted the aid without the terms - not agreed
London Conference
Significance :
- Broke up 15th December 1947
- Soviets accused US of violating Potsdam agreements
- West refused Soviets proposal to form a German Government
- Creation of West German State
San Francisco Treaty
- Recognised sovereignty of Japanese people
- Forced Japanese to renounce claims on its territories
US Japan Security Treaty
- 1951
- unrestricted use of military bases
- right to use military force to intervene internal issue
- right to veto offering bases to other nations
-
USSR
-
FRG :
- September 1949
- Adenaur as Chancellor
- UK, US, France say on FP, trade, and secuirty
GDR :
- Created October 1949
- Constitution hid one party dictatorship
Brezhnev Doctrine 1968 :
- all communists parties must stick together and try not to change
- responsibilities to all communists, not just Russia
Korean War
Kim ill Sung :
- Committed to using force for reunification
- Guerrillas > 200,000 communists in South Korea
- Wanted to support of USSR and China > lost both
Syngman Rhee :
- Nationalist > Anti Communists
- Needed support of US if North attacked
-
Dates
Kennan's Long Telegram - 22nd February 1946
Comniform - September 1947
Bizonia - January 1974
Trizonia - April 1949
Berlin Blockade - Intro of Deustchmark to WB in 1948
Operation Rolling Thunder - February 1965
Berlin Blockade :
- Soviets made new currency, blocked Berlin
- Western Allies had to change policy of quit Berlin
- Airlift via 3 corridors
- Stalin wanted to prevent a two part Germany
-