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Basic chemical Calculations, R.A.M. usually given with periodic table -…
Basic chemical Calculations
Avogadro's Number
number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12 (¹²₆C)
Approx. 6×10²³
Amount of substances
Mole
Mass of 1 mole (element) = R.A.M. in grams
Mass of 1 mole = Molar Mass
Calculation
Write symbol/ chem. formular
Find R.A.M./ R.M.M./ R.F.M.
Add unit g mol⁻¹
REMEMBER :red_flag: some elements are molecules
Molar volume
Volume occupied by 1 mole
(ℓ) (s) No simple relationship
All (g) same
s.t.p.
OUT C :tada:
r.t.p. (25 °C /68-77 °F + 1 atm/ 101.3 kPa)
24.0 dm³
GIVEN IN DSE :tada:
Avogadro's Gas Law
Vol. (g)
No. molecules
No. moles
Equation: Vol. (g)/ Molar Vol. = No. moles
Gay-Lussac's Law
Reactant : Product
Simple ratio
Balance equations
Cal. mole
Mole -> m or Vol. as question required
Reactant
Limiting
Yield
Theoretical > actual
2 more items...
Excess
1 dm³ = 1L = 1000cm³ = 0.001m³
% by mass of element
(No. element*R.A.M. of element) / Formula mass of da compound
Formulae
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms
n
Molecular formula
Actual No. and types of atoms present
Structural formula
How atoms are joined up (Molecular substance)
Ionic formula
Ratio and charges of ions (mostly ionic compund)
Determination of formulae
Example
Magnesium chloride (ionic)
Mg,Cl
MgCl₂
Empirical formula
Mg²⁺(Cl⁻)₂
Ionic formula
Ethanoic acid (molecular)
C, H, O
CH₂O
C₂H₄O₂
Molecular formula
H....O......
|.... ||.....
H—C—C— O—H
|............
H............
(Points for text integrity )(not needed)
Structural formula
R.A.M. usually given with periodic table