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UNIT 3 - ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 3 - ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
DEFINITION
It is hemoglobin concentration of less than 11.0 grams per deciliter during pregnancy
decline in circulating RBC mass - reduces the capacity to carry oxygen to the vital organs of the mother or the fetus
TYPES OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
hemaglobin synthesis is deficient and the body's capacity to transport oxygen is impaired
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
slowly progressive, megaloblastic (involving enlarged RBCs)
CAUSES
Micronutrient deficiencies of iron, folate and vitamins A and B12
parasitic infections like malaria and hookworm
chronic infections like TB and HIV
Dietary practice - inadequate intake of iron-rich food
EFFECTS OF ANEMIA ON PREGNANCY
ON BABY:
risk of preterm birth
low birth weight babies
risk of intrauterine deaths
low APGAR score at 5 minutes
intrauterine growth restriction
ON MOTHER:
fatigue
poor work capacity
Impaired immune function
Increased risk cardiac disease
SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA
pale skin, lips and nails
feeling tired or weak
Dizziness
Shortness of breath
Rapid heartbeat
Headache
Cold hands and feet
RISK FACTORS FOR ANEMIA
pregnant with multiples
two pregnancies close together
vomit a lot because of morning sickness
teenager
Nutrition - lack of iron rich foods
anemia before the pregnancy
ASSESSMENT
should be screened for anemia at every antenatal appointment
serum Ferritin should be measured as an indication of the level of stored iron
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
ferous sulphate one to three times per day
iron supplementation enhance absorption
therapy continued for about 6 months after anemia has been corrected
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
increase intake of greens, black beans, lentils, peanuts and fresh dark green leafy vegetables
PREVENTING SEVERITY OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
awareness and education program about anemia and its complication
adolescent girls should be educated about anemia
woman of childbearing age should be motivated to take the required supplementation before concieving and to continue with it till breastfeeding the baby
education of the male partner regarding the complications of the disease and the utility of the supplementary diet during pregnancy
iron fortification may be used in commonly used food like salt and sugar to build up iron stores
mere cooking of food in cast iron utensils may reduce the severity of anemia