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4.3 Aquatic Food Production System - Coggle Diagram
4.3 Aquatic Food Production System
Increase in aquatic food (increase in population) - change in diet
regular menu (fish & chips) cod/haddock
luxury food (salmon)
rise popularity in fish (tuna swordfish - endangered)
oysters (past- food for working people,
now-luxury/delicacy food)
healthy eating campaign
photosynthesis by phytoplankton supports high diverse food chain (marine ecosystem)
has greatest biodiversity on Earth
phytoplankton provide 50%-85% of oxygen on Earth
marine ecosystem- largest ecosystem
mangrove forest are diverse ecosystems (marine coastline/tidal areas)
upwelling
increase nutrient in water
coastland has high productivity
shallow - so light can penetrate for photosynthesis
Controversial Harvesting issues
Arguments againts
species endangered/ threatened extinction
ethical issue/ contravene international conservation agreement / cruel harvest method
if harvest key stone sp- deplete of ecosystem fishes
arguments for
Necessary for survival
support achieve msy of economic return / economic based on aquatic species
supports sustainable harvest- harvest within limit no threats- allow harvesting wo endangering species
whaling
usually harvesting not sustainable - conflicts with NGOs opposing whaling (greenpeace)
whale going endangered - may kill other species - increase illegal whale hunting
cruel hunting method/ unethical to kill animal
unsustainable fishing method
harvest at MSY not sustainable
not follow dynamic nature of harvest (age/gender)
disease can hit population
estimates based on previous experience
migration
imprecise calculation based on model
strategies for sustainable management of wild fisheries
restriction on time/season/age/size allowed
monitor illegal fishing
restriction/ban of type of fishing gear (mesh size/bottom trawl/drift nets)
research & support of calculation of MSY
marine protected area/ restriction fishing zones
labelling schemes for consumers
quota/ international regulations
campaign to reduce consumption
aquaculture - provide additional food resource & support economic development
arguments favor
create jobs in coastal community
help feed growing food population
protect coastal waters from pollution
encourage local investments
reduce fishing pressure on wild stocks
arguments againts
amplify spread of disease
pollute water systems
loss of habitat creating fish farm
escape fish- competition with native species
conflict with other water bodies users