Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Crime - all modules - Coggle Diagram
Crime - all modules
Module 2: Measuring crime
The 'dark figure of crime'
crime that's not detected
not reported
not recorded
Data sources
Administrative (official) data
Police
Corrections
Courts
Other systems (e.g. education, heatlthcare, insurance)
Offender data
Victimisation data
Observational data
number of reported crimes by population of area is multiplied by 100.000 to get crime rate per 100.000 people
Classifications
Offence classifications
Different times and places use(d) different definitions and measurements
Makes comparisons across time or between places difficult
Crime classifications schemes
16 points of Australian and New Zealand standard offence classification (ANZSOC)
Researching crime
Quantitative studies
Qualitative studies
The importance of measurement
How we define crime impacts how we measure crime
How crime is measured impacts how we prevent and respond to crime
Essential elements:
Human being
Mens rea (guilty mind)
Actus reus (guilty act)
Injury
How is crime measured?
Time
Place
Context
Culture
Module 1
What is criminology?
A scientific, multi-disciplinary field that includes many other fields (e.g. psychology, sociology, biology, law, geography, demography, political science and economics)
The criminal justice system is premised on the 'social contract'
We exchange certain freedoms for various rights
Inherent agreement to abide by the law grants the authority to punish for wayward conduct
Penological principles
Retribution
Restitution
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
Module 3: Nature and prevalence of crime
Historical crime rates
Transportation
The 'great crime drop' in the 20th century
Rely on 'crime trends' to inform our understanding and response to offending and victimisation
Use of crime rates to compare across place and time
Increases from 1950s to 1970s