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Stars to Black Holes; How does this change happen?, Random Facts, Websites…
Stars to Black Holes; How does this change happen?
Birth of a Star
Materials Necessary to create a star
Dust
Gas
Gravity
The gas and dust is called Molecular Clouds
Molecular Clouds are a few degrees over Zero, when they collapse, they heat up.
Basically, stars form when clouds of gas and dust collapse due to their immense weight
Molecular cloud to Collapsed Molecular Cloud
Molecular Clouds begin as just a lot of gas and dust
Over time they collect more and more dust and gas
Eventually they collapse under their own gravity
This begins the start of a Star
Pre-Stellar Core to Proto-Star
When a collapsed Molecular Cloud reaches 10,000 AU, it is classified as a Pre-Stellar Core
Over the next 50,000 years (ish) the pre-stellar core gains a disk around the core
Excess materials get ejected from the poles of the star (Top & Bottom)
The system of gas and dust spinning around the core turn the pre-stellar core into a proto-star
Proto-Star to T-tauri Star
As the disk of gas and dust surround the core, gas and dust collect around the star, this makes the star grow
This process is called accretion
Over the next 1,000 years all the matter from the disk should either be accreted or expelled from the disk
Once the core has grown big enough that it can create nuclear reactions, it is known as a T-tauri Star (Only now can the star be observed visually)
T-tauri Star to Star
Once the matter/disk stops accreting the matter continues to circle the star, and over time will become planets.
A Star can be called a Star even without planets though.
The Death of a Star
Red Giant
As the core runs out of hydrogen fuel, the core begins to contract. As the core contracts, it heats up. This in turn heats up the outer layers. This causes the star to expand, creating a Red Giant
Planetary Nebula
As time passes, the core becomes hot enough to produce helium. After the helium fuel runs out, the core will again expand, while cooling. The upper layers will expand and eject matter that will create a disk around the star, causing it to become a Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
After becoming a Planetary Nebula, the star will cool down even further, creating a White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
A White Dwarf will cool down further, becoming a Black Dwarf
1 more item...
Supernova
Eventually the core will run out of hydrogen fuel, then run out of helium fuel, the core will turn into iron. Once the core is iron, it can't burn anymore. In less than a second, the iron core will shrink. The outer layer of the star will crash into the core. The star will then create an explosion that causes the star to become a Supernova
Black Hole / Neutron Star
The explosion will cause large amounts of matter to be emitted into space, leaving the remaining core to become a Black Hole or a Neutron Star (depending on the original mass of the star, large ones will form a Black Hole, smaller ones will create a Neutron Star.)
Different Types Of Stars
Supernova
Red Giant
Black Hole
Neutron Star
Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
The matter emitted from the death of stars might form more Molecular Clouds, which, over time, will create a new star.
Random Facts
The space between stars is called interstellar medium
AU stands for Astronomical Unit
Stellar means Star
Websites
How Do Stars Form?- Frontiers For Young Minds (
https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00092#:~:text=Stars%20form%20from%20an%20accumulation,and%20shines%20like%20the%20Sun
.)
How Stuff Works - Stars (
https://science.howstuffworks.com/star6.htm
)
Link Title
Timeline of a Star
Molecular Cloud
Proto-Star
T. tauri Star
Star
Red Giant
Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
Supernova
Black Hole
Neutron Star
